Will The Internet Drown The Travel Agents Tourism Essay

Will The Internet Drown The Travel Agents Tourism EssayNovember 2009, Budget blend the largest tour operator in Ireland ceased trading and close the re master(prenominal)ing 17 of total 31 sell shops. The company was established in May 1975 and had a 30% sh be of the market.The earnings is a tidal wave. It deed over for wash over the computer industry and worldly concerny separates, drowning those who dont learn to swim in its waves. ( carte Gates, 1995)Travel components used to be the purchase deport between the locomotelers and the suppliers now give outlers fire bypass the expedition agents and purchase directly from the suppliers by using the profit. Will the net profit drown the extend agents, like Bill Gates predicted, or will they learn to swim in its waves?A lot of interrogation in this bea has focused on how travellinglers and suppliers use the mesh to eliminate the middle man, this re lookup examines how travel agents ar evolving and surviving this d isintermediation. This dissertation is important to the middle men (the travel agents) and will examine what future, if any, they have and what frame of reference that future will take. Also this is important to future researchers, due to the deficiency of recent research literatures on this topic.Background to StudyCurrently travelers demand more(prenominal) and higher quality travel serve, wares, information and value for their cash. The lucre serves as a new form of communication and diffusion channel for the traveller and travel service suppliers. It enables tourism suppliers to improve their competitiveness and performance, by cutting out the middle man, bringing more profit to the tourism suppliers and allowing suppliers to give up lower neck to the travellers.Before the internet, travellers had to book though travel agents. These bookings typically consisted of a large range of bundled products each of the products within the booking was presented to the traveller i n a attendant fashion. For example, the kill of the trip would almost certainly consist of a flight product at the destination airport the traveller would possibly collect their convey car and they would then go on to their pre-booked hotel. The industry relies on linking heterogeneous products from various sources at special times and locations to create a coherent package or product for the traveller.As Longhi (2008) stated, the value chain of the travel and tourism industry could traditionally be split into five main types of actors or participants ( omen 1) public figureure 1The Travel and Tourism Industry Supplier ChainSuppliersGDSTour operatorsTravel agentsTravellerSuppliers and service providers.Global Distribution clays (GDS), much(prenominal) as Galileo, cut and Amadeus, used for engagements, information search, client management and reporting.Tour operators, who bundle the tourism products from suppliers.Travel agencies, which distribute the different products fr om services providers and tour operators to the consumer.Travellers, the actual customers.In line of business to the traditional elanl above, the internet provides a way for tourism suppliers to sell their products globally to potential travellers. For these suppliers, this model represents lower distribution costs, access to a untold larger market and on that pointfore higher potential revenues. For travellers, it represents an ability to communicate directly with tourism suppliers and to purchase what they wish when they wish to with no recourse to a middleman.To whatsoever researchers, online booking sites signifi give the gatetly reduce the importance of travel agencies, a trend that could ultimately result in the permanent removal of travel agents from the supplier chain (Barnett and Standing, 2001). However, Palmer and McCole (1999) argue that travel agencies provide personal information and advice to traveller and that this is their key strength.There has been a pregnan t amount of research on how the internet has changed the way travellers purchase products, but very little has been conducted on how the internet impacts the intermediaries travel agents. With the trend towards disintermediation, the elimination of the middle men between the suppliers and the consumers, travel agents would await to be facing extinction. Bennett(1992) claims that changes to information technology in the travel industry over the past few years have worked primarily in party favour of the suppliers and at the expense of the travel agents. Caywood, Lover forecastd and Murray (1999) support this view and project that these changes ar aimed at encouraging travellers to bypass travel agents altogether.It is certainly undeniable that the internet is providing the direction for suppliers and consumers to communicate directly. Figures available from the Irish Central Statistic Office indicate that over the past 4 years, the number of travellers booking online has increas ed dramatically and, by the alike(p) token, the number booking with travel agents has paladinstantially decreased.Number of Trips by Irish Residents (Thousand)Travel AgentInternet200617295510200910467496Despite these statistics, travel agents still personify within the marketplace. The fact that they are still here means that they are somehow managing to compete with the internet.A number of arguments have been put forward to suggest why travel agents are still surviving and also what they need to do to continue to compete and flourish. Lowerngart and Reichal (1998) claim that there are opportunities available to travel agents provided they focus on specific markets and specialise their activities. Waksberg (1997) argued that travel agents should move from a focus on transaction processing to the provision of consultative services. Lovelock (1992) claims that travel agents will need to expand their consultative function and concentrate on the provision of information and detail s that are not available to the traveller through the internet. Beirne (1999) suggests that travel agents should become consumer advocates, finding the better deals for the traveller.The Research QuestionsThe primary research objective is to recognize how the internet is changing the travel industry and what strategies or techniques travel agents are adopting to evolve and sustain their positions.The key research question maybe posed as How does the internet impact travel agents?From the key question than expand to sub questions as followingHow has the internet changed the business of travel agents?What threats does the internet present for travel agents?How are travel agents using the internet to run and improve their businesses?In what ways are travel agents competing with online travel providers?How will travel agents utilize the internet in the future to enhance their business operations and increase their profits?Timeframe of the StudyThe study was conducted over a nine months period from December 2010 to August 2010. The initial proposal was established during December to February, when the research topic was decided. The main body of work commenced in March 2010.Roadmap of ChaptersThe dissertation is split in to five major chapters followed by reference, bibliography and appendices.A summary of the subsequent chapters is outlined infraChapter 2 contains a brief history of travel reservation formation, as well as a discussion on existing research in the area and predictions concerning the future of travel agents.Chapter 3 discusses what methodological approach has been taken, the methods used to design and develop the research instruments, detailing the rationale for selection of the focus group, oppugn and online survey questions.Chapter 4 contains analysis on the primary secondary data and the findings.Chapter 5 presents the conclusion of the research and future work needed in this area.Chapter 2 literature review2.1 IntroductionNovember 2009, Bud get travel the largest tour operator in Ireland ceased trading and closed the remaining 17 of total 31 retail shops. The company was established in May 1975 and had a 30% share of the market.This chapter sets out to examine how travel agents operated before the widespread use of the internet. It contrasts this historic, or traditional, mode of operation with the way that they operate today placing particular emphasis on how the internet has directly impacted travel agents in the modern marketplace. There is a lack of recent and current research on this very specific topic, as a result most articles cited within this chapter are quite old. However, the lack of pertinent articles is also indicative of the importance of this research.This chapter draws on selected research identified during the literature review. It outlines the relationship between the internet and travel agents and it is from this literature review that the research questions for this dissitation emerged.2.2 Explorat ory ResearchA list of relevant articles and other sources were initially established through searches in selected computer science, communications and social sciences databases. Additional articles were open by following references from the initial list to their sources.The following databases were searched for the keywords Travel agents, Internet vs. Travel agents, Reservation system, Distribution channel, Tourism and travel, Information system, survival of the middle man and travel agency.Electronic journalshttp//atoz.ebsco.comIEEE Online Journal Indexhttp//ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/periodicals.jspStella cataloguehttp//stella.catalogue.tcd.ie/iii/encore/home?lang=engScience Directhttp//www.sciencedirect.comEmeraldhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com.elib.tcd.ie/SAGE Journals Onlinehttp//online.sagepub.com.elib.tcd.ieISI Web of knowledgehttp//apps.isiknowledge.com.elib.tcd.ieGoogle Scholarhttp//scholar.google.comFig 2 Selected database table2.3 HistoryAny discussion on the history of the tr avel industry is necessarily complicated by large scale conflicts or wars. These are events which profoundly restrict any and all international travel, effectively shutting down the travel industry. For this reason, this document will consider the history of travel industry from the late 1940s onwards. Events prior to this are outside of the scope of this research.During the period under discussion, the late 1940s, travellers were few and fares were tightly regulated. The customer would telephone the travel agent, giving them details of the required travel arrangements. The agents would then call or telex the suppliers, on receiving these details the supplier would store them on a reservation card and then file that card.The number of air travellers steadily increased during the late 1940s and 1950s, in response to this the airline schedules grew more complex. The existing simplistic system of booking travel products had to evolve to meet the increased size and complexity of the tra vel marketplace.In 1959, IBM developed a Computer Reservation System (CRS, also known as a Global Distribution System (GDS)) called Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment (SABRE). Initially developed for Ameri whoremaster Airlines, it was an answer to the difficulty of how to scale the reservation process to match the increased demand for travel.By 1964 it was the largest civil data processing system in the world (DUNCAN G.1995). Other airlines followed admit and introduced their own CRS or GDS systems.To book an air itinerary, travel agents had to call a reservation agent within the specific airline the airline reservation agent would then make the flight reservation though a GDS terminal. The travel agent would then book any other additional travel products, such as hotel accommodation or a rental car, again using the telephone.This process created constrain on the travel agents, so they began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the process. In 1976 all airlines start grant travel agents access to their reservation system, allow agents to book ticket through their systems directly. At the very(prenominal) time in the UK , British Airways, British Caledonian and CCL launched Travicom, the worlds first multi-access reservation system, it has 49 airlines subscribing to it, it enable the travel agents and airlines communicate via a common distribution language and networks. From its achievement Travicom start implement similar system in different country, later when British Airline chose to participate in the development of the Galileo system Travicom changed its trading chassis to Galileo UK and a migration process was put in place to move agencies from Travicom to Galileo (B. Schmid, 1994). By the end of the 1990s there are nine major GDS of which 6 are still been used today. The GDS allow travel agent to access its data using a terminal window through the network. Now travel agents can book flights directly with the GDS, they qu ickly realised that the computer terminals they are using everyday could be a convenient tool for booking other services as well. The GDS soon realised to fulfil the travel agents requirements they need to add booking capabilities for rent cars, accommodations and other travel products (HSMAI Marketing Review, 1996). Finally travel agents can now book itinerary though one source within a network.When the internet becomes more and more popular, airlines and travel agents like other corporations start to use internet to improve their business. All GDSs can now be accessed through internet, travel agents can simply log on to the GDSs website to make search and reservation, most of the communications are done by email, the internet allows the travel agents operate more efficient. It also enables airlines to discard paper tickets, allow travellers to check in online, and travel agents will no longer has to worry about if the paper ticket will not reach the traveller on time.At the compa rable time the internet also enable the traveller to book trips bypass the travel agents (Jo Cheyne et. Al, 2005).2.3 Existing research of internet and travel agentsExamining the key findings of some of the major studies on the relationship between the internet and travel agents.2.3.1 The advent of the internet and disintermediation in the travel industryThe internet has changed the traditional distribution channels various studies have shown how well the internet is suited to the travel and tourism industry (Buhalis and Licate, 2002 Chirstian, 2001). With advent of the internet, suppliers can provide information on their products online, timely, up to date, to the travellers to assist their stopping point making. This , in turn, necessitates the balancing of perishable tourism products and changeable tourist demand, furthermore, the tourism industry is diversified, with a plethora of different suppliers that operate independently, even as tourists tarry travelling to be complete experience. The resolve this mismatch, the internet offers an effective means for developing a single and sustainable electronic infrastructure for information assemblage and business transactions for both travellers and suppliers. A natural outcome of this is that the suppliers can carry out one-to one marketing and mass customization. In other words, travel supplier an now realise each customers needs, and therefore target each customer individually and deliver tailor-made products. More importantly, travel suppliers can understand how to deliver information and sell their products and services to customers directly through their website ( legality, 2002).Travel services and product suppliers see the internet as an opportunity to save money on distribution costs. Inkpen (1998) stated that the internet allows the suppliers to sell their product directly to the travellers, bring them a significant cost savings. As Law (2000) contends that the internet allows the tourism suppliers to control and update their service remotely with electric speed, reaching global travellers anywhere, anytime. The benefits of an online website bring lower distribution cost, higher profit, and larger share of the market to the tourism suppliers. For the travellers, the internet allows them to bypass the travel agents, book directly with the chosen suppliers anytime, anywhere (Olmeda and Sheldon, 2001). The suppliers can reach the travellers directly, which allow suppliers reduce cost on distribution channel, then cheaper price are offered to the travellers, this seems like a Win-Win situation for the travellers and the suppliers, which bring uncertainty to the future of the travel agents.2.3.2 Advantage of the internet for travellersJo Cheyne et al (2006) attested that travel agents are the key intermediary between travel suppliers and travellers with the advent of the internet travellers and suppliers could interact directly, internet offer more information then travel agents a nd often provide cheaper price. Long (2000) summaries it in 4 pointsThe internet provide convenient and instant access for availability enquiries and bookings at times when consumers want o research and purchase travelAbility to access easily information that is detailed and also up to date, helping decision making.A cost advantage in buy travel online as results of the market becoming more competitive, as well as the ability for consumers to take advantage of substantial online discounts that cannot be obtained via any other traditional distribution channels and possible cost advantages for consumers as result of decreased distribution costAvoid travel agent fees and charges.2.3.3 Disadvantage of the internet for consumersLang (2000) also identified the disadvantages that stop customers purchase onlineDifficulty in finding the website and information they requireTime consumingOnline security issuesInformation overload drop of trust in the technologyLack of human interactionStandin g and Vasudanvan (1999) indicated that some researchers are mainly focusing on the impact of internet and threats of disintermediation, there are very littler work carried out on the strategies travel agents has follow and the internet marketing models they are using. A large survey of Australian travel agencies website has been carried out, the findings shows that the major of agencies use internet as a yellow pages or online holiday brochure, a small percentage of websites allow the travellers to make booking, nearly half of the website capture the data on the travellers, but only few captured the traveller email address. The paper also suggested that travel agents should use internet as a marketing tool.2.3.2 Implications of the internet for travel agentsThe internet has changed the traditional distribution channels customers can buy products directly from the suppliers anytime anywhere. Travel services and product suppliers see the internet as an opportunity to save money on d istribution costs. Inkpen (1998) stated that the internet allows the suppliers to sell their product directly to the travellers, bring them a significant cost savings. As Law (2000) contends that the internet allows the tourism suppliers to control and update their service remotely with electric speed, reaching global travellers anywhere, anytime. The benefits of an online website bring lower distribution cost, higher profit, and larger share of the market to the tourism suppliers. For the travellers, the internet allows them to bypass the travel agents, book directly with the chosen suppliers anytime, anywhere (Olmeda and Sheldon, 2001). The suppliers can reach the travellers directly, which allow suppliers reduce cost on distribution channel, hence cheaper price are offered to the travellers, this seems like a Win-Win situation for the travellers and the suppliers, which bring uncertainty to the future of the travel agents.Lawton and weaverbird (2009) did in-depth interviews with 19 owners of successful US-based travel agencies, the paper did SWOT analysis over the 19 travel agencies, and identified that the negative public perceptions of travel agencies is the main outside threat.2.3.2 Demands for travel agentsOne of the most recent study on this topic, tried to identify the tourist perceptions of the potential for the elimination of travel agencies in the presence of the internet. Law et al (2004) conducted a questionnaire on selected experienced travellers, who had visited at least one travel Web site were asked to participate. The answers of 413 travellers on preference on book through internet-based or traditional distribution channels were analysed. The results show that travellers still ask travel agents for advice and their professional services. The paper proposed that from the findings both online and travel agents can coexist in the future. This is probably the most cited recent piece of research on the relationship between travel agents and inte rnet, although some of its findings have subsequently been contested, it must still be regarded as one of the seminal works in the area.Jo Cheyne et al (2006) attested that travel agents are the key intermediary between travel suppliers and travellers with the advent of the internet travellers and suppliers could interact directly. Main finding was the factors that influence travellers choices on using a travel agent or the internet when booking an over sea holiday, the factors are services reliability, managing complex itinerary, guarantee, attractive deal and payment security.2.3.2 The changing roles of travel agentsLowerngart and Reichal (1998) claim that there are opportunities available to travel agents provided they focus on specific markets and specialise their activities. Waksberg (1997) argued that travel agents should move from a focus on transaction processing to the provision of consultative services. Lovelock (1992) claims that travel agents will need to expand their ad visory function and concentrate on the provision of information and details that are not available to the traveller through the internet. Beirne (1999) suggests that travel agents should become consumer advocates, finding the best deals for the traveller. Michael Bloch and Arie Segev (1997) has contend travel agents should adopt the IKEA concept, the Swedish furniture giant transformed from a traditional store to a family destinations, with restaurant, kids play ground ,etc. Travel agents can do the same, with each area set to different destinations, or type of travel products. Each area has an information point, that travel agents could provide information on the particular destinations, supported by video clips of the main attractions. The experience of shopping might be the only thing that internet could not replicate.2.3.5 Importance of internet technology for travel agentsBarnett and Standing (2000) have identified two major threats that the internet has on the traditional trav el agents they are disintermediation of retail agencies by the product suppliers, and the emergence of new online intermediaries. It argues that the traditional travel agents are not aligned with the demand of new travel economy, travel agents has to establish web present.Standing and Vasudanvan (1999) indicated that some researchers are mainly focusing on the impact of internet and threats of disintermediation, there are very littler work carried out on the strategies travel agents has adopted and the internet marketing models they are using. A large survey of Australian travel agencies website has been carried out, the findings shows that the major of agencies use internet as a yellow pages or online holiday brochure, a small percentage of websites allow the travellers to make booking, around half of the website capture the data on the travellers, but only few captured the traveller email address. The paper also suggested that travel agents should use internet as a marketing tool. 2.5 Research questions and objectives

Case Study of Dabur India Limited Marketing Essay

Case Study of Dabur India Limited Marketing Essay entryDabur India Limited is a leading Indian consumer goods keep company with interests in copper C atomic number 18, spoken solicitude, Health C be, Skin Care, Home Care and Foods. From its humble beginnings in the by lanes of Calcutta way back in 1884 as an Ayurvedic treats company, Dabur India Ltd has come a long way today to become a leading consumer products manufacturer in India.The founder, Dr.S.K.Burman, was a practicing exclusivelyopathic doctor. At that time Malaria, Cholera and Plague were the common diseases. He was a physician who brought Ayurvedic medicines to the masses of Bengal. Initially effected as a copyrighted firm for the manufacture of chemicals and ayurvedic drugs it was later on 19th November 1930 incorporated as private limited company. Late Shri C.L.Burman, son of late Dr S.K. Burman and his son late Shri P.C.Burman in the name of Dr S.K.Burman Pvt.Ltd. to blow ones stack the operations by setting up production facilities at Garia and Narendrapur, West Bengal and Daburgram, Bihar. Dabur (Dr.S.K.Burman) Pvt. Ltd. was merged with Vidogum and Chemicals Ltd. w.e.f. 1st July1985 and the amalgamated company was renamed DABUR INDIA LIMITED.For the past cxxv years, they have been dedicated to providing spirit-based solutions for a healthy and holistic lifestyle. Through their comprehensive range of products, they cater to all consumers, in all age groups, crossways all social boundaries. And this legacy has helped them develop a bond of trust with the customers.VISIONDedicated to the health and well being of every house hold.Dabur is a company with a set of established worry values, which direct its functioning as well as all its operations. The guiding forces for Dabur are the words of its founder, Dr.S. K. Burman, what is that life cost that cannot give comfort to others. The familiarity offers its customers, the products to suit their postulate and give them good values for money. The company is committed to follow the ethical practices in doing business. At Dabur, nature acts as not only the source of raw materials but also an inspiration and the company is committed to product the ecological balance.Journey so farhttp//www.dabur.com/pages/by4hm8ur/116/dabur_build.jpg1884 The birth of Dabur1972 The company shifts base to Delhi from Kolkata1986 Registered as Public Limited Company1994 Listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange1998 Professional team inducted to run the company2000 Crosses Rs. 1000 Crore overthrow2003 Pharmaceutical Business de-merged to instruction on core FMCG2004 Profit exceeds Rs. 100 Crore2005 Acquire Balsara strengthening Oral care provided entry into Homecare divide2006 Dabur figures in vertex 10 Great Places to Work2007 Dabur ranked among Asias best under a Billion enterprises by Forbes2008 Acquired Fem Care Pharma entering the mainstream Skin care segment2009 Strong goth momentum continued in spite of general economic downturn. Also Dabur Red Toothpaste becomes Daburs 9th Billion Rupee grass.2010 Touched US$4 billion securities industry cap. Overseas acquisition, Hobi conclave, Turkey to strengthen presence in MENA and adjacent regions.Dabur At-a-GlanceDabur India Limited has marked its presence with significant achievements and today commands a mart leadership status. Their story of success is based on dedication to nature, corporate and process hygiene, dynamic leadership and commitment to their partners and stakeholders.Leading consumer goods company in India with a turnover of Rs. 3417 Crore (FY10)3major strategic business units (SBU) Consumer Care Division (CCD), Consumer Health Division (CHD) and International Business Division (IBD)3Subsidiary Group companies Dabur International,Fem Care Pharma and newuand8 step down subsidiaries Dabur Nepal Pvt Ltd (Nepal), Dabur Egypt Ltd (Egypt), Asian Consumer Care (Bangladesh), Asian Consumer Care (Pakistan), African Consumer Care (Nigeria), Naturelle LLC (reticular activating system Al Khaimah-UAE), Weikfield International (UAE) and Jaquline Inc. (USA).17 ultra-modern manufacturing units pass around around the globeProducts tradeed in over 60 countriesWide and deep securities industry penetration with50 CF agents, more than 5000 distributors and over 2.8 million retail outlets all over IndiaDabur India Ltds manufacturing activities spanning various consumer products categories are carried out in 17 factories spread across India and abroad.Dabur has 11 manufacturing facilities in India, out of which two main units are at Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and Pantnagar (Uttaranchal).http//www.dabur.com/images/india-map.jpgDaburs Business StructureNote Percentage share in tax revenue based on FY10 Financials Femcare included in Consumer Care DivisionConsumer Care Division (CCD)Consumer Care Division (CCD) adresses consumer needs across the entire FMCG spectrum through four distinct business portfolios of Personal Care, Health Care, Home Ca reFoods. overwhelm brandsDabur Ayurvedic healthcare productsVatika Premium hair careHajmola Tasty digestivesRal yield juices beveragesFem Fairness bleaches skin care products9 Billion-Rupee brands Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Ral, Dabur Red Toothpaste, Dabur Lal Dant Manjan, Babool, Hajmola and Dabur edulcorateStrategic positioning of Honey as food product, leading to grocery leadership (over 75%) in branded honey marketDabur Chyawanprash the largest selling Ayurvedic medicine with over 65% market share.VatikaShampoo has been the fastest selling shampoo brand in India for three years in a rowHajmola tablets in command with 60% market share of digestive tablets category. About 2.5 crore Hajmola tablets are consumed in India every dayLeader in herbal digestives with 90% market shareCategory-wise Share of CCD http//www.dabur.com/pages/by4hm8ur/115/GlanceImg1.jpgBrand OverviewConsumer Care Categories whisker Care pilus anele ShampooSource Value share-ACN June, 09 Val ue Share-ACN Mar, 10Oral CareValue Share-ACN March, 2010Health SupplementsValue Share-ACN March, 2010FoodsCompany Est. Mar, 2010 for Fruit Juice categoryCUsersUser 11Desktopuntitled2.bmpCUsersUser 11DesktopimagesCAXZ8F24.jpgCUsersUser 11Desktopimages.jpgCUsersUser 11DesktopPG-IIIRKSDabur Real- Mrktg Planburrst.jpgCUsersUser 11Desktopuntitled6.bmpSkin Care*Company estimates Includes Fem skin care portfolioCUsersUser 11AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary meshing FilesContent.Worddabur-health_06.jpgDigestivesValue Share-ACN March, 2010CUsersUser 11DesktopimagesCALG7F5C.jpgCUsersUser 11AppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.Worddabur-personal_08.gifCUsersUser 11Desktopdabur-digestive_09.gifHome CareValue Share-ACN Mar,2010 for Aerosols category OdonilOdomosOdopicSani FreshConsumer Health Division (CHD)Consumer Health Division (CHD) offers a range ofclassical Ayurvedic medicinesand Ayurvedic OTC products that deliver the passe benefits of Ayurveda in modern ready -to-use formats. Daburs Consumer Healthcare business is the Companys oldest business, and today has a growing portfolio of OTC products to address a variety of problems ranging from Womens Health to Baby Care and cough up Cold to Rejuvenation.Has more than 300 products sold through prescriptions as well as over the counterMajor categories in traditional formulations include Asav Arishtas Ras Rasayanas Churnas Medicated OilsProprietary Ayurvedic medicines developed by Dabur include Nature Care Isabgol Madhuvaani TrifgolDivision also works for promotion of Ayurveda through organised community of traditional practitioners and exploitation fresh batches of studentsCUsersUser 11Desktopuntitled.bmphttp//www.dabur.com/pages/by4hm8ur/115/GlanceImg2.jpgThe Consumer Health Division, CHD witnessed a ripening of 10.2% during the quarter led by ethical portfolio which grew by 14.5%. In OTC, Pudin Hara grew by 12.8%. The Pudin Hara portfolio has been wide by launching Pudin Hara Lemon Fizz in the acidity segment.International Business Division (IBD)International Business Division (IBD) caters to the health and personal care needs of customers across different international markets, spanning the Middle East, North West Africa, European Union and the USwith its brands Dabur VatikaGrowing at a CAGR of 33% in the tolerate 6 years and contributes to about 20% of total gross revenueLeveraging the Natural preference among local consumers to increase share in perosnal care categories steering markets GCC Egypt Nigeria Bangladesh Nepal USHigh level of localization of manufacturing and sales marketingworldmapDaburs International businessThe Companys key markets for international business are the Middle East, Africa, UK and south Asian geographies, with manufacturing plants located across regions. The Company also has a private label business in USA and UK, along with Guar gum exports, which takes place from its Indian plants.The Companys International Business Division reco rded an impressive sales growth of 26.3% from Rs.477.0 crore in 2008-09 to Rs.602.5 crore in 2009-10, contributing to 18% of overall consolidated sales. The operating margins of the business improved significantly during the year reflecting the strength of the brands even though the external conditions were punk rocker and the environment was plagued by recessionary trends, currency depreciations and demand contraction.Robust sales growth in international markets was possible due to Strong Brand portfolio positioned on herbal and natural platform Aggressive new product launches and brand extensions Geographical expansion into new markets Strong sales and dissemination network Strong manufacturing backbone and expansion of own manufacturing in key geographies Localised and economic supply chain.Product PortfolioThe company has built good and robust brand architecture with two mega brands for international business across all geographies Dabur and Vatika and most of its offering s are under either of these two brands.Dabur Amla Dabur Amla franchise achieved a growth of 38% along with all the extensions. Basis Nielsen Retail Audit in KSA, Dabur Amla Hair Oil with a market share of 34.2% is the biggest brand in the hair oil segment. Dabur Amla Gold has market share of 6.8% while Dabur Amla Jasmine is at 5.1%. The Amla franchise has now been extended to the Hair Cream Category with the launch of Dabur Amla Hair Cream. It has become the fastest growing brand in the Hair Cream segment notching up sales of more than INR 13 Crore in first year of launch.Vatika thither has been a robust growth of 36% in the Vatika franchise which includes Vatika Enriched Hair Oil, Coconut Hair Oil, Hair Creams and Hamam Zaith. Vatika brand is now worth Rs.185 Cr built from a negligible base over the inhabit four years in the Arab belt. There was a successful re- launch of Shampoos and Conditioners, launch of one more variant in Hamam Zaith and re-launch of Vatika Coconut Hair Oil. Light hair oil range of Vatika Hair oils registered 51% growth in MENA. Vatika Hair Cream is now an INR 64 Cr brand in MENA. Vatika Hair Cream gained 370 bps in market share and becoming 12.7% of the market in volume terms. It grew by 44% in volume terms over LY in a category that has remained flat. Vatika Hair Cream is now the no. 2 player in Modern Trade with a 15.6% volume mkt share despite raptorial competition from established brands.Vatika DermoViva a new sub- brand launched for the Personal Wash and Skin Care segment had its first launch in the Bar Soap category and has managed to take consumer equity in a category dominated by strong MNC players.FEM The FEM brand was strengthened in the overseas markets through ATL and BTL inputs which saw the brand grow by 100% in just nine months of operation since the takeover.Daburs International MarketThe key contributing markets/ regions to the International Business growth have been GCC, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Ye men, Syria and South Africa.GCC, the largest market in the International Business Division and despite being a mature market, has registered a strong growth of 42% over last year fuelled by innovations and new product launches in the Hair Care, Personal Wash and Oral Care segments.Dabur Egypt Limited has witnessed another spectacular performance with 30% growth in sales.African Consumer Care, Nigeria has grown by 17% over last year in local currency terms, aided by strong growth of Dabur Herbal Toothpaste and Dabur Herbal Gel in the Oral Care category.Asian Consumer Care, Pakistan has grown by 26% in revenue with Hajmola and Dabur Amla emerging as the two strong brands for the region.Dabur Internationals UK Branch has seen a 23% growth over previous year which has been the highest growth rate for this region in the last 8 years.Markets of North Africa, Levant and Yemen have seen an impressive performance with 49% growth over previous year.Asian Consumer Care, Bangladesh, has perform ed well with a growth of 47% during the fiscal 2009-10. The growth has been led by increased distribution penetration and focussed brand approach.Dabur Nepal Pvt Limited which manufactures fruit juices and also caters to local consumer market in Nepal recorded impressive growth of 26% in its sales to the domestic market of Nepal.Dabur recently has acquired Turkey-based personal care company Hobi Kozmetik Group in a deal at Rs. $ 69 million. The company, in a move to expand its presence across Middle East and North African region, has make the acquisition. Hobi Kozmetik is a market leader in the hair gel category with 35% market share. Companys products sold under Hobby and New Era brands across 35 countries. The transaction is expected to be completed by Q3 of FY11. Dabur, which is the largest FMCG in India with large market capitalization, has huge investment and expansion plans as the company aims to expand its foreign sales.Exports from IndiaThe company also exports guargum and p rivate label oral care products from India. During 2009-10 the company recorded Guargum exports to the tune of Rs.43.3 crore as compared to Rs.48.3 crore in the previous year. The sales were demoralise due to weak world(prenominal) demand and recessionary environment.Exports to USA recorded impressive growth with sales increasing to Rs.38.4 Cr in 2009- 10 versus Rs.27.6 in 2008-09 reflecting a growth of 39% despite the recessionary environment in developed markets. The US sales comprise Private Label and Ethnic business. severalize markets in USA and Europe contributed to the growth. Innovative product developmentsin Oral care private label- such as Pro-age, Sensitive and Herbal toothpastes were launched. Ethnic Sales in USA and Canada also performed well recording 80% growth albeit on a low base. Various new products were successfully launched in the market and penetration ofmainstay Dabur products exchangeable Hair Oils and Chyawanprash into Canadian mainstream retail chains s uch as Walmart was achieved.Competitor AnalysisCategoryDaburs ShareMain CompetitorsFruit Juice58% Real and ActiveTropicannaFruit Drinks (coolers)1% CoolersFrooti And MaazaHair oil Coconut base6.4% VatikaHLLShampoo Vatika7.1%HLL and PGHair care (overall)27%HLL, PG and HimalayaChyawanprash64%Himani, Zhandu and HimalayaHoney40%Himani, Hamdard and local PlayersDigestives37%Paras and local playersCompetitionMarket Cap.(Rs. cr.)SalesTurnoverNet ProfitTotal AssetsHUL60,897.6317,725.332,202.032,583.52Dabur India18,851.772,874.60433.15859.35Godrej Consumer12,917.721,267.88248.12839.87Colgate11,244.571,770.82290.22330.70Godrej Ind7,770.69880.9719.331,570.31Marico7,641.542,030.85235.02948.58PG7,169.93904.46179.76440.02Emami6,891.491,006.86165.40878.42Gillette India5,953.64852.48137.10490.89Jyothy Labs2,440.33579.8780.05399.10Source moneycontrol.comRecommendationsEntering coarse marketDabur should target more towards the rural market and tier 2 and tier 3 cities. These markets have traditional ly been loyalists to Daburs ayurvedic range of personal products.Tapping rising global demand of herbal and Ayurvedic productsThere is a new trend in the global market that has increased the demand of herbal/ ayurvedic products. This is the time when Dabur should relaunch itself as a key international player in the global arena.Also in the domestic market, there is a huge scope for Dabur to launch niche/ highlife segment products catering to specific target groups.i) Development of new markets for Products ServicesNew avenues for growth were opened up with expansion into the new markets of Cambodia, Philippines, Belarus, Gambia and Bolivia. The Sales Distribution infrastructure has been augmented by appointing new distributors in CIS, Mozambique, Guinea and Rwanda. Local resources have been deployed in key markets of Yemen, Syria, Kuwait, Malaysia and Tanzania to strengthen the SD structure.ii) Entering US MarketThe Company is also trying to break into the US Market where it is at tempting to build a full fledged distribution channel. It is also worthwhile to mention that some of its products like Chyawanprash are selling in the US via Indirect channels. But this task is going to be a difficult one since US laws are tough and the preferences of consumers also vary greatly than that of markets which are usually catered to by Dabur.iii) Target- South AfricaIn Africa the company is looking at markets like South Africa where it currently is not present. It already has a personal care unit in Egypt and a toothpaste unit in Nigeria. Dabur can do well in these markets since the profile and preferences of these consumers are very much like India.iv) Export PlansThe focus, going forward, is to continue expanding the Companys presence across geographies and to exploit the opportunities that exist in existing and potential segments. The Company testament continue to invest in brand building, manufacturing and human capital in order to maintain and improve the existing robust growth path.Vision 2010 after(prenominal) the successful implementation of the 4-year business plan from 2002 to 2006, Dabur has launched another plan for 2010. The main objectives areDoubling of the sales figure from 2006The new plan will focus on expansion, acquisition and innovation. Although Daburs international business has done well growing by almost 29 per cent to Rs.292 crore in 2006-07, plans are to increase it by leaps and bounds.Growth will be achieved through international business, homecare, healthcare and foods.Southern markets will remain as a focus area to increase its revenue share to 15 per cent.With smoothly sailing through its previous plans, this vision seems possible. Time and again, Dabur has made decisions that have led to its present position. However, if Dabur could be more aggressive in its approach, it can rise to unprecedented levels. To conclude, this is a 10 year performance table from Daburs website.

Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Going Beyond Revenge Es

Going Beyond Revenge in Hamlet The simplest and superficially the most appealing way to understand Shakespeares Hamlet is to see it as a revenge tragedy. This genre was well established and preferably popular in Shakespeares time, but it was precisely part of his genius that he could throng old forms and renew them by a creative violation of their standards. As this essay will explore, Hamlet stands the conventional revenge tragedy on its head, and uses the tensions created by this reversal of type to add depth to its characters and story. The revenge tragedy of Shakespeares age, as exemplified in such productions as The Spanish Tragedy by doubting Thomas Kyd and The Tragedy of Hoffman by Henry Chettle was gruesome to a degree. In the latter work, for instance, the hero displays on stage the skeleton of his father, who has been tortured to death for piracy, and afterward on takes part of his revenge by killing one of his enemies with precisely the same tortures, and hanging him in chains beside the skeleton of his father. In the process, the original apparitional symbolism of death imagery, in particular the skeleton and the skull, is perverted into little more than eye-catching tokens of revenge (Jacobs 1993). The classic revenge tragedy is thus quite a simple affair there is an offence, and it is followed in a fairly mechanical manner by revenge, preferably bloody and protracted. However, as Delville and Michel (1998) point out, this bodily structure is undermined by Shakespeare in the person of Hamlet. Unlike even Shakespeares own creations, Brutus, Macbeth, and Othello, Hamlet is unpredictable. In an earlier version of the play, referred to as the Ur-Hamlet, and attributed to Thomas Kyd, the only indicate for... ...rd and poisoned cup. In the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia, and indeed in his own, he learns that means cannot be separated from ends, and that the consequences of his own choice of means his madness will come back to fix him. It i s in this sense that Hamlet may be read as a journey of self-discovery, even though the journey ends only in the grave. whole works Cited Delville, Michel and Pierre Michel. Introduction to Hamlet. Tr. Eriks Uskalis. University of Liege, 1998. 20 April 2001. Jacobs, Henry E. Shakespeare, revenge tragedy, and the ideology of Memento Mori. Shakespeare Studies 21, 1993 96-108. Electronic. EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, 14 June 2001. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London Spring Books, n.d. 945-980.

Thucydides and Homer: Cultures Essay -- Cultural Greece Thucydides Hom

Thucydides and home run Cultures Thucydides and Homer, though they lived a relatively short 300 years apart, wrote about very different Greek finishs. While the Greeks who Homer wrote about in The Iliad were, in many respects, dissimilar to the Greeks in Thucydides explanation of the Peloponnesian War, this stands in marked contrast to the profound similarities that exist between contemporary cultures and those that Thucydides wrote of. There are, however, similarities between modern cultures and those in Homers writing, as well as differences between modern ones and those in Thucydides writing. Thucydides history is, therefore, a relative bridge between the cultures of ancient Greece and modern ones. One of the most recognizable differences in the cultures written of by Thucydides and Homer is what people are respected for. In the world of The Iliad, aret determines an individuals merit, and it is largely determined by physical triumphs over opponents. The importance of victory to these peoples honor is indicated in hectors defeat of Patroclus. Hector seeing Patroclus trying to stagger free, came rushing into him right across the lines and rammed his spearshaft home, stabbing deep in the bowels Down he crashed detestation gripped the Achaean armies. (Homer, 439) Patroclus fall not only represented Hectors superior might, but the publicity of aret for every Achaean soldier became demoralized by the death of Patroclus. Whereas in the aforementioned culture a persons status was public and largely based on strength, Thucydides wrote about a culture that valued beauty through the intellect and art forms. When Corcyra and Corinth are poised to go to war with each other... ... Peloponnesian War is neither romantic nor poetical rather, it is an (relatively) objective account of what he considered to be the most devastating war. Based on his observations, Thucydides used logic to infer things about human behavior and his toric events. It could well have been this abandonment of romanticism that allowed Thucydides to so accurately explain history in terms of human nature, which is based very much on the human condition. If this is the case, then it is certainly not surprising that Thucydides describes many familiar ideas and is able to relate values and principles from cultures older than his own to modern ones. Works Cited 1. Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Trans. Rex Warner. New York Penguin Books, 1954.2. Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York Penguin Books, 1990.

New Institutional Economics and the Philippines Essay -- Economy Econo

New Institutional frugals and the PhilippinesNew Institutional Economics offers a way to examine the dynamics of growth -particularly with an eye toward explaining the problems of slow growth in developing economies, where market systems may be presumed to be weak or incomplete. I will reassessment these concepts within the framework of the Philippines, a sizable country with a rich and diverse set of resources, which however is not achieving significant growth.At present the Philippines is in a depressed albeit not grim state. It remains firmly enmeshed in the World Banks lower middle income category of nations with a GDP per capita of $1,050 (U.S. 1998 book of maps method). 38% of the Philippines population is below the national poverty line. And it has one of the higher population growth rates in the region at 2.7% which will triple the population within 30 grades if continued1. Growth rate of GDP per capita in the period 1988 to 1998 was only 1.3%. Its total debt in 1998 was 73% of Gross national Product and this is a growing percentage through the last decade. The overall story on exports is not clear, but traditional export products and categories (sugar, coconut oil colour /related products, rice, and timber) are not growing. Perhaps the most notable element is the degree to which it has not shared in regional growth. As noted by Yoshihara Kunio, relative per capita GNP between the Philippines and Thailand has reversed in the last 40 to 50 years (Yoshihara, 2). One reason for this is the tremendously damaging twenty year government of Ferdinand Marcos which among many other things left the county in an extremely indebted state at the onset of a world wide recession in the late 1980s. A period of relative political instability follo... ...ent of the New Institutional Economics. Harriss 27-48.-Toye, John the NIE and its Implications for Development Theory. Harriss 49-70.-Harriss-White, Barbara. Maps & Lndscps Grain Markets in S. Asia. Harriss 87-10 8.Kelly, Philip F. Landscapes of Globalization Human Geographies of Economic Change in the Philippines. London/New York Routledge, 2000.U.S. State Department. Background notes Philippines, August 1999. Washington DC . http//www.state.gov/www/background_notes/Philippines-1999 Country Reports on Economic Policy and parcel out Practice U. S. Dept. of State March 2000 (Philippines PDF ,obtained from internal link previous cite).World Bank. Philippines at a glance (PDF). Washington D.C . http//worldbank.org/.Yoshihara, Kunio. the Nation and Economic Growth the Philippines and Thailand. Kuala Lumpur/Oxford Oxford Univ Press, 1994.

Success of a Family: Aspirations & Motives of the Younger Family in Lo

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun revolves around a short but difficult occlusive in the lives of the young family. Each family member has dreams of a higher quality of life free from the pressures of poverty and the literal confines of an outgrown and decrepit apartment. Ultimately, the ambitions of each Younger are inspired by dreams of a better life for the family as a whole. Though each Younger approaches this goal differently, they each desire to surface above their current position in the rat trap of society into a better, more respectable, life (964). Each Younger is chasing an ambiguous notion of succeeder and believes that they will bring an end to the familys hardships consequenti tout ensembley leading to prosperity and, of chief importance to the Youngers, the rebirth of the families relationships and pride.Walter Lee Younger aspires to obtain wealth and peck through entrepreneurism and business savvy. Walters belief that money is life drives his desire to beco me a powerful business person and fuels his belief that the familys problems could all be solved with enough money (980). Unfortunately, Walters lack of experience, demonstrated by his belief that dont nothing happen for you in this world less you commit somebody off, continually hinders his success in life (957). Despite his shortcomings, Walter is persistent in his belief that he can succeed as a entrepreneur, eventually takingsing in the loss of the familys insurance money to Willie Harris. Walters belief that money is the solution results in him taking an unreasonable risk. Though these risks result in harm coming to his family they were undertaken in a desperate attempt to improve their lives. Walters actions are also significantly motivated by hi... ...ay own, as well as reasserting their pride as a family and establishing themselves in a higher socioeconomic bracket. Though the hardships will undoubtably continue, working together the Youngers will succeed. kit and boodle CitedArdolino, Frank. Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Explicator 63.3 (2005) 181-183. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 23 Mar. 2012. Cooper, David D. Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Explicator 52.1 (1993) 59-61. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. The Norton entryway to Literature Potable Tenth Edition. Ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York, NY Norton, 2011. 950-1021. Print.Matthews, Kristin L. The Politics Of Home In Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Modern Drama 51.4 (2008) 556-578. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

Lifting as We Climb Essay -- Essays Papers

Lifting as We ClimbHarriet Jacobs, Frances E. W. Harper, and Anna Julia Cooper are three African American female writers who have greatly impacted the progress of dispirited womanhood. Through their works, they have successfully dispelled the myths created about black women. These myths include two major ideas, the first being that all African American women are perceived as more promiscuous than the average white woman. The second myth is that black women are virtually useless, containing only the capabilities of working in white homes and training white children. These myths caused these women to be degraded in the eyes of others as well as themselves. In Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harpers Iola Leroy, and Coopers A vowel system From the South, womanhood is defined in ways that have destroyed these myths. As seen through these literary works, womanhood is defined according to ones sexuality, spirituality, beauty, identity, relationships, and motherhood. Harriet Jacobs Harriet Jacobs was born in 1813 into a slave family. Her father, a carpenter, was highly skilled in his trade. For the first few years of her life, Jacobs lived a happy, normal childhood. She was fortunate enough to live in the resembling household as her parents and her younger brother, William. When she turned six, her mother passed away, leaving her under the care of her grandmother. In her narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet describes her life as a southern slave, calling herself Linda. She discusses the abuse she endured during servitude and how she managed to overcome it. After twenty-seven years of servitude, Jacobs escapes to a life of freedom. She spent the rest of her days working as a reformer, a Civil War and R... ... the strength black women have mentally as well as physically. Their involvement in various Womens Groups has too helped to create a better image for black women. Throughout their lives, they have shown that whatever obstacle s a good black woman may face, you can neer keep her down BibliographyCooper, Anna J. A Voice From the South. New York Oxford University Press, 1988.Harper, Frances. Iola Leroy. New York Penguin Books, 1992.Hutchinson, Louise Daniel. Anna J. Cooper, A Voice From the South. Washington, DC Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. The unstained Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York Penguin Books, 1987. 333-513.Pellow, David W. H. Anna Julia Cooper. Notable Black American Women. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1992. P. 218-224.