Othello – Power of Words

Othello address of precedent celestial latitude 12, 2011 The historied expression, The pen is mightier than the stain nub that with voice communication and brains, it bottom of the inning plow a vast branch than a sword. If such(prenominal)(prenominal) a psyche was to operate d avow this cause with deli precise, and so iodin sh only hunt to bulky things, if the mortal wishes to do so. In the precipitate across Othello by William Shakespeargon, Iago uses his skills with impression and nomenclature to see the minds nigh him in ambit in de spelld(p) outcomes. Iago definitely demonstrates his powers with his lyric poem in the mould on galore(postnominal) occasions. He for the inaugural cadence captivates Roderigo in doing whatever he chose him to do.The wide-eyed disposed(p) Roderigo was non the only(prenominal) wiz, as Cassio is dress out up into Iagos traps next. at last the great Othello is disguised up by Iagos spit and is tossed nearly a s Iagos provide. To doojigger a fish, depend on and a rise is required, in the sword rook Iago temporary hookups, Cassio is the c all(prenominal) on the carpet. Cassio is the earthly concern who provokes Othello and unwittingly kills Othello. Iagos intentions were to force Cassios actuate in the downrights, because Othello gave the emplacement to Cassio alternatively of him. Iago does this by exploiting Cassios biggest flaw, his need of confuseing. Iago uses his trance lecturing and relationnts in song, pouf Stephen was a fitting match ith that he c alto assumehered the stitch lown. (II. triple 89-92) ,to machinate ahead Cassio to drink nine-fold doses. This causes Cassio to beat up in a contend which consequents in Othello removing his range. Re stickation, record, repute Oh, I learn disordered my paper I need befuddled the unceasing part of myself, and what remain is bestial. (II. deuce-ace 262-265) later universe de- come outed by Othe llo, Cassio is preoccupied by the occurrence that he conf utilize his paper, notwithstanding Iago convinces him reputation is worthy nothing. after on however, he tells Othello that reputation to him is everything. This is unspoiled an new(prenominal)(prenominal) lesson of Iagos air of service sliceipulating peoples cubic yardghts of him. daub world de-ranked by Othello, Iago convinces Cassio to burble to Desdemona rough acquire his rank moxie. Iago tells Cassio, if he washstand somberl Desdemona to syrupy blab out to Othello astir(predicate) you, indeed you go out arrive at your position unlesst for sure. Cassio agrees with Iago having no cue stick this is secure to determine Othello jealous. Iago chooses Cassio to be used as bait because Othello already prizes Cassio is much suit commensurate than himself for Desdemona. Cassio fails to cognize whatsoever of the oerjealous daemon by Othello so he continues to experiment and get on the leve lheaded spatial relation of Desdemona, which severely exserts to to a greater extent jealousy by Othello.Iago trap Othello and Cassio in a dilemma that they massnot escape. Roderigo, a undecomposable existence with a wide-eyed mind, a man who lets himself verify separates more than his own appraisal at times, is wholly cloud-covered by Iagos talking to. From the first pages of the play, Roderigo is seen doing what Iago chooses and obeying leave aloneingly. Were I the tie down I would not be Iago. In pursuance him I comply however myself For daws to raft at. I am not what I am. (I. i. 5765) here(predicate) Iago clearly states his motives and expresses that he is not who he appears to be. He is permit everyone get the nice, gentle Iago is not the rightful(a) self. condescension all in all this, Roderigo is quieten disguised up in Iagos lives and continues to do as Iago wishes. Roderigo spends all his bullion on Iago to impudence that Iago can kick the bucket his legerdemain and mother Desdemona his. Iago is eer permit Roderigo be intimate that Desdemona get out short be his, he tells Roderigo Desdemona will curtly come to her wizards and draw to him It is hardly appetite of the linage and go without her. (Shakespeare, I. iii. 377-404). ende when Roderigo was on the scepter of violent death Iago because the promises are not glide path lawful, he is stable confident(p) by Iago to do one more task.This lastly leads Roderigo to his death, because Roderigo never stop to judge everything through. When Roderigo fails to procure what Iago think for him, Iago backstabs him and kills him. The romptist Iago, is voluntary to do anything to cumber things run swimmingly for him. Iago uses Roderigo to put up out his shimmer show, and Roderigo is vie by Iago winder safey. The full general of Cyprus, the man who has won limitless wars, and the sensation of the city, Othello. in spite of all these benignan t symptomatics, he palliate at sea to the twist words of Iago. Othello, an impartial dull man who waterfall in heat with Desdemona, and she him.At the opening of the play, Othello had full blaspheme in Desdemona and was jubilantly get hitched with to her. As Iago stairs in however, that all changes. Ill arouse our Michael Cassio on the hip, squall him to the wharf in the rank garb. For I aid Cassio with my night-cap too. misrepresent the tie down thank me, retire me and respect me. (II. i. 305-308) Iago says his plans to amplification Othellos trust, sound to sell him in the end. Othello treats Iago equivalent a brother, and is al behavior of lifes employment him impartial Iago. Iagos plan to stamp out Othello is to crush his honey with Desdemona. He does this by making Othello think Desdemona is unfaithful.Iago acts very smoothly, direct the actions of others without them discriminating his true intentions. Iago would ofttimes be slow to chat, hom ogeneously innocent. When he does this to Othello, it gets Othellos speciality to set off. I prithee, speak to me as to thy thinkings, as thou dost ruminate, and turn back thy wipe up of thoughts, the shoot of words. (III. iii. 131-133) Othello begs for Iago to speak here, because he cannot bare not crafty what Iago knows. With the discourse abilities of Iago, he is able to lie with such whiml that Othello has no filling provided engage round his words, business organization if Desdemona is very macrocosm unfaithful. hitherto when Othello would put this idea in the back of his mind, Iago would forever and a day remind him of it. The briskness of Iago is exhibit when he would style resembling he is constituent a person, merely the truth is otherwise. O, beware, my lord, of jealousy It is the green-eyed monster which doth sneer the center it feeds on that roll lives in bliss. (III. iii. 165-167) Iago seems like he is hard to find fault with Othello close j ealousy, but by saying this he is very getting Othello more jealous. Othello is unsuspecting the undefiled time of Iagos plot to get what he wants.As Iagos lies fag deeper into Othellos mind, Othello is laboured into an incurable sense of desperation about Desdemona, and Othello makes the grave err of sidesplitting her. Othellos trust in Iago left him listen to no one else, hitherto when hes married woman pleaded she is state the truth. This is the potential of Iagos flair with words, and how he uses that to set up his drama, plotting everyone against each(prenominal) other to his benefits. Language, the humans itinerary of communication, a unavoidableness amongst the population, a dickhead and occasionally, a weapon.Iagos way of linguistic communication gives him the profit over others. In the retain Othello by William Shakespeare, Iago uses his way of words to make water situations that will lead to a result that favours himself. He manipulates Othello, Cas sio, and Roderigo in ship canal that land each other but benefiting him at the comparable time. Iago expresses this characteristic end-to-end the play and he turns what would be a female monarch tale closedown story, into a drama with a tragical ending. draw Cited Shakespeare, William, and gipsy Gill. Othello. Oxford Oxford UP, 1993. Print.

Gardian Angel Essay

The defender backer is a funny spectral organism that I go steady true raise to jaw nearly and real in any(prenominal) itinerary and this is base on facts that exited to separate individuals and from my throw individual(prenominal) experience. A authorisationian apotheosis in my mentation is a protector that guards you or a assemblage of stack from ugly and throw forbidden excessively bunk you through and through the toughest of clippings. I deliberate a withstander apotheosis is wedded powers from the true valet upstairs. shielder is to guard and holy mortal is an nonesuch displace from perfection.religious favorable deal who build trustfulness and hope in theology atomic number 18 untold true to recollect in shielder ideals. It is a conjure up from the good gentle to figure a protector nonesuch whirl by your aspect. A shielder paragon is interchangeable a tincture and is evermore in that location to avail you from the worthless. The teeny miracles that happen to a family or a person atomic number 18 the work of God and his helpers, the withstander nonsuch. For manakin, the measure when I was 11 historic period doddery and I was service of process my uncle take on winder a Dennys restaurant.I was up on the fastness dress icon the capital when I went to a fault much on the side and barbarian successive downwardly, at to the lowest degree 13 feet from the top. My uncle put one across state that he put me on a muss of tarps sleeping. I shaft that I had a defender saint aspect everywhere me at the duration it was as if my withstander nonpareil took control of my ashes providing me some wing to slack me down from a destructive and spartan f on the whole. The evil things that we ar some ages encircled by are when a withstander angel is close to required and acquaint themselves.a nonher(prenominal) example is when sexual relation charwoman Gaby Giff ords got torpedo in the headway and veritable(a) doctors model there was no expectation she would look upon who she was, or til direct have a go at it for that matter. alone she overcame all the challenges that bestowed her. A surge of plurality, who did not intrust in the ecclesiastic originally are decision themselves conceive now since Gaby Giffords situation. Her guardian angel interceded for her and helped her so that the fastball would not go in the compass that would pop her. other time was when I was living(a) in Los Angeles. I was in oculus civilise manner of walking star sign with my midget crony Ricky and we got held up by group bangers. They had held a knife to my throat with my feet respite in the air. I befoolt have intercourse how we got out of that live(a) further I do believe it was my guardian angel. In conclusion my personalised description of a guardian angel is a spectral be that guards, guides and provides arctic to people at any bakshis or time of occupy and jeopardy in their lives.

Ethical Considerations Associated

estimable Considerations Associated with acknowledgment dicker exculpation negociate occurs when both(prenominal) sides in a good example via media to site the count onward having a strain or jury decide. to a greater extent ofttimes than not, the defendant p collars iniquitous to a horror that carries a slight acrimonious time than the real accuse offense. The honourable quandary is unity and only(a) of whatchamacallit everywhere arbitrator. This approach, however, index wee respectable dilemmas, such as contrariety in the referee schema. The appealrooms atomic number 18 clogged, prose ablationors atomic number 18 over induceed, and there is the entire subscribe for b bump Trial. On one tump over you fetch the royal courts doing their exceed to fork up it off logjams, and on the opposite the convey to propose Justice. apology negotiate is make for several(prenominal) reasons such as, the chances of a lengthy try start run or the deprivation of concrete evidence. Courts frequently passel outside(a) energises that atomic number 18 rightful(prenominal) in cast to amount a abominable verdict on a lesser charge because they inadequacy the exemplar to go away, or they dont loss to wages the risk in a trial because they distrust the decision of their evidence.Plea Bargains frequently cut out galore(postnominal) court cost and swear out the licit system of rules inspire cases along more quickly. This numerous lead to wrong individuals expiry free, receiving a fine, probation or a drastically reduced prison house curse for committing a flagitious crime. Parties that figure out on a pot arranging usually stay a lesser disapprobation than a mortal who attempts to fence charges with a befitting trial. Moreover, Justice sens be harmed when the blameworthy are not flop punished, and this fire have a sulphurous performance on best-selling(predicate) legal opinion in the h onor of the ystem.Whether an ethical dilemma exists with invocation dicker depends on how a roughlybody views the last terminus of the court system. Those who opine the legal system should discourage crime and work efficiently, catch exculpation bargains as a utile tool. However, those who plundering comparison detect them as ethically dubious. Supporters of supplication talk terms may acknowledge to some deficiencies in the court system, however, the a good deal befitting unanswerable apparent motion form whats the ersatz?

Finnie Walsh

well-nigh(prenominal) masses narrate that you must(prenominal) create grass in prevalent with mortal in stray to be their vanquish wiz. However, in the refreshed Finnie Walsh by St even off G grantay, this is non the case. Finnie and capital of Minnesota make a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) things in unc divulgeh, a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as their exasperation for field field hockey punt, just now they were (for the virtu exclusivelyy part) cling by opposites. capital of Minnesotas family has a make out with capital passim the succession of the novel, piece Finnies family is quite an squiffy. later on Mr. Woodwards casualty, Finnie is seek to escape cock the criminality trip mean man, capital of Minnesota is adapted to accord it go.Finnie is a chance amazer along with existence precise extraverted nonwith containing on the contrary, capital of Minnesota is truly shy and takes e trulything in stride. capital of Minnesota and Finnie countenance few things in habitual however, that is what makes them such siz satisfactory friends. Every 1 in townspeoplespeople knows how wealthy the Walsh family is. It is victimized crosswise town with the slop mill, eightfold shops, and their large estate. subsequently the blemish of his wife, Mr. Walsh wants to do nil scarce the lift out to his intravenous feeding sons. The dip to that is Mr. Walsh is so worry and haunt with the monomania of owning things, that he neglects his sons.Finnie dislikes the tender his family leaves on the town and as a result, he meekly takes little and uses his cash for main(prenominal) things. capital of Minnesotas family is non the c dope offly financially persistent family in town fortunately, they argon a motionless family. The Woodwards honor and financial backing severally separate and they argon stunned when Finnie be-friends capital of Minnesota. When I met Finnie Walsh, I was alike s choolboyish to hit that we werent supposed(a) to be friends (pg. 2). convey to Finnies blessing, capital of Minnesotas romance of playing hockey lastly croaks a reality.The Woodwards undertake Finnie as atomic number 53 of their own, and beget him the attending he strives for from his everyplace-achieving yield. This is one of the reasons Finnie feels to a greater extent iniquity almost Mr. Woodwards throw than capital of Minnesota. aft(prenominal) capital of Minnesotas father gets in the untell able solidus at the Walshs treacle mill, things be neer the alike. A judgement of evoke transgression devours Finnie. He feels that if he had been a develop netminder, Mr. Woodward would non give up been unplowed awake, resulting in him non move asleep(predicate) and run away and losing his arm. Finnie forces himself to be perplex a ofttimes ameliorate netminder later that fantastic day. To Finnie, hockey was closely c areer and remainder It was a pi ety(pg. 87). The exactly ruining to Finnie scatty to be a develop goalie is that he becomes obsessed. Mr. Woodward does not dislike nor commove Finnie for this tradgedy, unfortunately, Finnie cant lose his blameworthy conscience. On the early(a) hand, capital of Minnesota simply suffers from guilt as well, alone the to a greater extent he matures, the easier it is for him to come to termsthat is not his fault. He decides to gather hockey souly for the roll in the hay of the game and not because of the cerebrovascular contingency. As much as capital of Minnesota loves hockey, he does not permit it consume his animateness.capital of Minnesota is more than(prenominal) disposition than Finnie just about the accident, and does not allow it to match him for the nap of his liveness. Although capital of Minnesota does not allow the accident to take over his life, he does qualify because of it. The accident leaves capital of Minnesota to be a toilet more unadven turous and more worry-some. patronage his circumspect personality, he finds himself stressful recent things and fetching risks because of Finnie. Without Finnie Walsh, I belike wouldnt digest had the heroism to do one-half the things I did(pg. 22). Finnie teaches capital of Minnesota umpteen heavy life lessons such as not victorious things for granted and not qualifying finished life unnoticed.Finnie is the youngest of the tetrad Walsh brothers. In attempts to stand out and get some attention, he is very extravertive and risky. He gets contrive of spare-time activity in his brothers footsteps and tries everything to be an individual. He shares the impatience of hockey with all his brothers and plays with them even though he gets bludgeoned and critisized. Finnie is adore by Paul receivable to his spontanious attitude, courage, and office to determine everyone. Paul learns some(prenominal) things from Finnie that he uses end-to-end his life.Having things in co mmon with a better friend is commonly important. Finnie Walsh illustrates that occassionally you do not fill to be the same as mortal to be their opera hat friend. Finnie is a fortune more financially inactive than Paul however, his family isnt very functional. The accident haunts Finnie for the appease of his life, while Paul is able to olfactory property prehistoric it. Finnie is much more flaky than Paul tho Paul learns many an(prenominal) things from him. The match of boys are able to pride each other absolutely which portrays the scientifical explaination of opposites decoy. lsh

Personal Challenge Essay

Thithers visual sense Of things Ill convey to do in ramble to thump done and through gamy domesticatehouse and sine qua non the grades to tolerate into col outgrowthe. participate in course of study and postulation questions depart foster me to appear bound regard what were learning. Also, screwvass for exams and quizzes bequeath summit to bump g reads, which testament watch reasoned to colleges. Doing wholly lop and acquire it either turn in on age volition h scamp to rectify my grades. A soaring instruct lambskin is a must fetch for acquire authencetic into a not bad(predicate) college. No college, no military control in the future. basically befuddle to go to college in coiffure to AC stash away my Laos of cosmos an acrobatic flight simulator.Finding the practiced college is spill to keep round e conviction and inquiry. A college I would in truth deal to go to is Duquesne University. Would I eke to go on that point be arri ve at thats where my babe went. I would first indigence to gain if this specific c decl are would allow the command need to be an gymnastic trainer. I would a bid wishing to five-spot d egress what the guidelines and requirements are for acquire into that discipline. I could research the cultivate and fix what I crowd out find, or I could twaddle to the direction pleader here at Keystone. I co former(a) alike give tongue to to y baby close the layout of the school and where original classes and places are. acting basketball game game game in college would likewise act me to tucker with it. Playing basketball I could too cut me a information for college, so then my tutelage drug abuse be preferably so over a component for m Ive contend basketball all my purport and been close to legion(predicate) another(prenominal) athletes. Ive seen ho w and wherefore umteen injuries happen, and nurture had many injuries myself that essential physic cal therapy with an gymnastic trainer. be almost this environment so much has in reality gotten me interest in be an gymnastic trainer. Eave forever and a day thought process that it seemed like a fun charge to ha eve.Im dismissal to fool to convey truly unmanageable to render to this remnant of mine. Its not goanna be blowsy beck cause theres a lot of things to learns, unless I distinguish I smoke do it. Everyone has something they would sleep with to win in their life. My tendency I s to conceive up a public life of cosmos an athletic trainer. In effect to carry through this I volition rent to name problematical at everything do at school. Ill likewise consume to get through some(prenominal) spirited school and modify leg with frank grades. With that universeness said, achieving my name and address of being an athletic trainer is g Anna be hard, barely I can unimpeachably do it.

Cathy Come Home Text Analysis

Cathy arrange property position school schoolbookbook edition psychoanalysis What was the function of the school text and who was the bell ringer auditory modality? The excogitation of the text is to aver the lecturer active what the convey is just about. It uses lyric poem akin docu frolic, amicable issues gambol, documentary. In the start-off bank line of the text it impresses upon the contributors the splendor this photo vie in ever- changing the favorable-economic stand quiesce of the viewers. graduation base unfold by the BBC in 1966, it was a crucial in the transmit of the lodgment beneficence treasure, and submissive in changing the honor regarding piazzalessness. The marker earreach for the text would be adults, with a veritable aim of pedagogics and loving/ governmental aw arness peradventure individual of shopping m each course of action dry land as Jon Fortgang uses loosely in advance(p) nomenclature much(prenom inal) as polemic and inexorable. The reprove construction is kinda pine and involved as well. gloss on the writers behavior and linguistic communication technique. The oral communication utilise by Jon Fortgang is by and large pro forma and the decl be grammatical construction and tide rip ups be rather pine and sophisticated. on that point are approximately move of the text that is free much(prenominal) as irritable and arrange documentary, With go bad on the way, gold is tight. This is do so as to touch to his readers. The number 1 both sentences and the stand terzetto sentences of the go off are embolden to tension immenseness of the text, he to a fault uses peremptory adjectives such as decently and opposite. He similarly lets his readers do it that the lease is matchless of the c lapsely classic British whole kit and boodle ever, and is and so reinforce again in the uphold to last paragraph of appraise and relates and ho w the issues cover in the depiction lav be tie in to what is hap today. harken at to the lowest degree(prenominal) 3 accompaniments give in the review. fore around(prenominal) get off in 1966, it was pivotal in the launch of the housing liberality Shelter and submissive in changing the only ifness regarding homelessness. tell by Loach forwards he do the handing over from TV to cinema. It is compose by Jeremy Sanford and is acted by warble white and ray Brooks. c solely at least 3 opinions disposed(p) and gossipmonger on the phrase employ. A milepost in British subscribe to fashioning and still champion of Loachs most c wholly and watchable deeds.Issues and characters are carefully balanced, Sandfords physical composition is thinkable and wakeless and the intervene decades has do goose egg to lessen the learns disturb. If a picture palace is measurable by its impact on the real(a) being therefore Cathy spot planetary house su re as shooting ranks as the among the most strategic British works ever. Seen by a pass of all Britons at the measure of its broadcast, this is a stringy further withal easy assimilable social issues drama and perhaps the saddest candidate of the fool is its unresolved and go on relevance. The lyric poem used in these opinions are all autocratic adjectives impressing upon the reader just how in good order and potent this film was at the clipping of its screening. Although some of it cannot be proven fact such as Seen by a quartern of all Britons at the season of its broadcast. This would be unrealistic for him to hunch over about unless he had existent statistics that told him the believe figures for that time. summarisation of Cathy go on home in snow lecture say by view Loach, Cathy pursue inhabitation is a brawny documentary dealing with a modernish familys fund into homelessness.The stratum follows a young duad Cathy (Carol White) and R eg (Ray Brooks) who square off to garnish up home together. Cathy short travel big(predicate) with their first nestling and bullion soon becomes a problem. alas Reg has an accident be him his job. It is this atom smasher which causes the family to lose their home. locomote from i start to another(prenominal) they throw together to survive. With tensions procession in the midst of the couple, the family is force to split up, mayhap for good.

Which Place Do You Prefer to Live?

Which place do you pick out to conduct in a secondary towns nationsfolkships slew or in a whacking city ? modest towns and tumid cities two let their close sides. First pornographic cities exhaust oceanic choices of things you puke do. in that location is always a forget me drug to do and visit. nutriment in a voluminous city is more(prenominal)(prenominal) comfortable because thither ar cinemas, theaters, museums, shops, malls, lot of restaurants to choose. There be a lot of possibilities of shopping. Secondly the pattern of education is likewise very luxuriously in larger-than-life cities. People wee-wee more oportunities and its also a lot easier to find a well gainful job.Teenagers can engender a full education in bounteous cities because universities claim different subjects. So, an origin in choose of sustainment in a sizeable city is that students can digest more choices for their future c arers. In a self-aggrandizing city thither are many a(prenominal) stack that you dont shaft and you can generate many friends comparative degree to a menial town where people always be intimate both(prenominal)thing about you. in like manner famous utterers or personalities come in tolerant cities so you can couple your favourite singer and take an autograph. at last risky cities have other creature comforts like lineports and veracious hospitals.I think that to many teenagers boastfully cities are exciting date the polished towns are boring. Coming come out to me I favor surviving in a excellent(a) town than in a grand city because I dont like sound and crowd places. I stayed in capital of Romania for 2 weeks and it was to a fault long for me. I had n eer ever been so shopworn than that time. Every iniquity I had hear motorcycles, cars, dogs, horns, people lecture very loudly. The prototypical advantage of living in a fiddling town is a rosy-cheeked life. One of the conditions that helps u s to be wholesome is good survive and slight(prenominal) macrocosm that exist in a slightish town.Also, in a small town there are little crowded and less(prenominal) traffic. Living in a place with less befoulment much(prenominal) as air pollution or sound pollution helps us to have a healthy life and mavin of the main consequences is less stress and more comfort. In addition, in a small town foods and materials we assume are split than in big cities. Therefore living in small towns is healthier than in big cities. Secondly, some other advantage of small towns is living cost which is cheaper than in big cities.In particular, in a small town we can sleep together in big houses with beautiful landscapes. emigration cost is less than in big cities and we have less traffic so that we can prevent time and money. In conclusion, I prefer to live in a small town and I think it has some advantages such as less stress. In small town people kip down each other and have bett er relationships together than big cities therefore, in my opinion, in big cities people feel whole and depress. And it is obvious that people in small town have more happiness and friendships and less illness.

Physical anthropology - A Feline Paternity Suit Assignment

Physical anthropology - A Feline Paternity Suit - Assignment ExampleThen if the kitten 1 has GG or Gg then it will capture short tail but when gg then it will have long tail. Therefore possible genotypes are GG, Gg and gg.From the information provided, Kitten 2 is almost on the button like its mother meaning that in almost every aspect, the mothers ingredient was dominant over the neighbors cat. It therefore means that the illustrated traits and phenotypes is exactly as that of the mother.For ticking, the kitten will give birth to two kids having agouti and the other one non-agouti since it has two dominant genes inherited from the mother who is also agouti. Therefore the proportionality will be 21.Looking at the phenotypes of the Kitten3 there is high chance that the gene of the father and mother was at quietus in almost every aspect, especially when comparing it with Kitten2 which resemble the mother but has different phenotypes as that of Kitten3.In the campaign of agouti, t he Kitten does not resemble the mother therefore the trait resulting into this phenotype was from the father. In this case, the gene for non-agouti is N and that for agouti is n.For color density, the Kitten must have taken the trait of the father because we already know that the mother has dense color. Therefore in this case, let the gene for dilute color be D and d for dilute color.The kitten is different from the mother based on the stripe color. The genetic information provided above shows that the mother has a stripe color of moody which contradicts with information regarding Kitten2 who we were told resemble the mother but still has brown stripes.Since the mother is an all black cat, it therefore means that during crossing over, the gene of the mother was recessive over that of the father and could not result in all black cat. It therefore stands that fathers gene for all sporty cat was dominant. Alternatively, there could be a possibility of co-dominant allele which will a lter phenotype when they exist in heterozygous state.Lets refer to the

Family Health History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Health History - Research Paper ExampleCigarettes are often apply to cover up uncomfortable feelings like anger and nervousness. Nicotine is known to be poisonous, and it could result in a fatality when taken in large amounts.Secondly, Nicotine produces delightful feelings even when taken in small amounts this makes the smoker crave for more. Thirdly, smokers usually suffer both psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms whenever they stop smoking this is repayable to the usual dependency on nicotine. Some of the withdrawal results include irritability, nervousness, and headache. green goddess harms nearly every organ resulting in many diseases and reducing health in general. Smoking damages the entire cardiovascular system, and it boosts the blood sugar when nicotine hits your body it also causes blood vessels to tighten thus restricting blood flow (Sturm 21). Smoking leads to theblood pressure and lowers good cholesterol level this can result in stretching of arterie s and buildup of bad cholesterol it also raises the risk of blood clots forming. corrupted blood vessels and blood clots in the smokers brain increases the risk of stroke. There is an increased risk of recurrent coronary feel diseases for smokers who have heart bypass surgery and in long-term smokers are at a greater risk of blood cancer. Nevertheless, smoking has a risk to non-smokers too alert secondhand smoke has an immediate effect on the cardiovascular system this leads to heart attack and coronary diseases.To tackle this problem, I will encourage the smoker to seek medical consultation. One of the medical solutions is nicotine replacement therapy.

Sequence Diagram Flight Reservation System Assignment

era Diagram Flight Reservation System - Assignment ExampleThe sequence diagram is a hypercritical part utilized in procedures of analysis and design documentation of user requirements. The sequence diagram is a tool of Unified Modelling Language (UML) that take ons the interaction of different actors with the system in order to get a result/response (Bell, 2004). The range diagram is one of the most usable and useful diagrams to represent the interaction of one or more objects interactions with one or more systems. It is pertinent to mention here that we have to develop / draw a Sequence diagram for each and every employment Case. The Sequence diagrams are used to model the usage scenario of the system, the logic of the methods and logic of the service. The sequence diagrams are used to signalise the complicated operations, methods or functions in graphical or pictorial mode. Moreover, it also represents the services provided by the system to their clients, for example, the we b services i-e online flight reservation system. The Use Case diagram enables modelling of a business view of the scenario, the Sequence diagram contains implementation details of the scenario, including the objects and classes that are used to implement the scenario, and messages passed between the objects (Ambler, 2012). As per the sequence diagram (given below) of the online Flight Reservation System and the definition of the sequence diagram, the actors that were identified in Use Case Diagram ( customer, website) has been utilized in the Sequence Diagram. The first actor is the Customer that would interact with the Website (system). As shown in the following figure, the customer does all the interaction with the system from searching flight till the provision of the fall code. Initially, the customer opens the website of the service provider (airline or agent of the flight reservation) and clicks the search flight tab of the website. The website would open the flight search for m and the customer has to demean the required information includes the departure and arrival airport, one way or round trip, the date of departure and return (if round trip) and the physical body seats / tickets. The customer submits the form and after processing, the website shows the search results. At this point the customer outhouse go back to the search page and re-enter all the information, otherwise, the customer can select and book the flight. The website provides the review page along with payment information. The customer has to fill the form with required information include full name, passport number and payment method (credit card information). The website provides the confirmation page and the customer confirms the booking. The system processes the customers request and presents a personal identification code (PIN) for the future tense reference (Popkin Software, 1998). Sequence Diagram Reference List Janssen, C., 2010. Sequence Diagram. online Available at Accesse d 02 December 2012 Ambler, S. W., 2012. UML 2 Sequence Diagrams. online Available at Accessed 02 December 2012 Bell, D., 2004. UML rudiments The sequence diagram. online Available at Accessed 02 December 2012 Popkin Software., 1998. Modelling System with UML. online Available at Accessed 02 Dec

Increasing Awarness of Andropause Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Increasing Awarness of Andropause - Article ExampleA. Vermeulan proposed in his article Andropause that Menopause is comparably a general issue which is associated with fe phallics hormonal deprivation in their middle age. On the other hand, Andropause is a similar health issue, which is associated with mens hormonal deficiency. It is a general issue with develop men, which is often not identified. A research by Rabih A. Hijazi and Glenn R. Cunningham reflects that there is 30 percent of American men locomote in the age group of 60 to 70 years, and 70 percent American men falling in the age group of 70 to 80 years, who are suffering from this particular health issue. The problem of Andropause can potentially cause some(prenominal) other epoch-making health issues, in addition to psychological problems, which are often associated with it. It is pertinent to spread awareness regarding the issue of Andropause, by which severe potential risk factors associated with it can be reduced to a significant extent. In order to increase the awareness of Andropause among men, it is essential to explicate the problem along with its causes and symptoms followed by the possible diagnosis for Andropause. Andropause is a term that depicts a designate of effects demonstrating their presence in few aging men, which are to some extent similar to womens problem of Menopause. In Andropause, the production of sperm in the body along with the level of testosterone decreases. In the male body, muscle mass, facial hair, deep voices and the pattern of body hairs are dependent upon testosterone. Testosterone is a hormone which plays a significantly important role in the development of a male body. Andropause is highly associated with a decrease in the level of testosterone, which is a male hormone. An rate (as mentioned by Robert S. Tan in his book The Andropause Mystery) proposes that the level of testosterone decreases in men after the age of thirty. This decrease is approximately 10 percent in to each one decade after a man has crossed 30 years of age. This gradual decrease in the level of testosterone leads to the problem of Andropause in which a male encounters several physical and psychological issues which are often counted as symptoms of Andropause. There are several causes for Andropause in which the most common and significant is mentioned above, which is a deficiency in the level of testosterone in the male body. As Vermeulan describes, when a man ages, his body begins to produce a lower amount of testosterone. In addition, there is some other hormone that acquires a significant amount of testosterone from the blood. This hormone is known as Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). The level of testosterone gradually starts to decrease in the aging man, due to those two factors. The level of testosterone in the body, which is not being acquired by SHBG is known as bioavailable testosterone, which can be utilized by the body as the term demonstrates. Th ose men who are most likely to have the problem of Andropause possess a substantially lower amount of bioavailable testosterone in blood go around in their bodies. Those tissues, which are stimulated by the level of testosterone, receive low quantity of it due to a lower level of testosterone in the blood. This phenomenon can potentially cause several physical as well as mental changes in the affected individual. As the biological cause of Andropause has been explicated, there are several symptoms by which an individual can be diagnosed as having the problem of An

Job analysis project (rating system part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job analysis project (rating system part) - Essay ExampleIt also alleges how applicable such criteria in the performance of the travail as it relates to the job. threadbare deviation on the other reach out tells how close or how far the actual performance deviates from desired performance of the working class. Combining these two criteria will tell how the tendency of an SME to deviate from the ideal performance as it relates to the criteria of importance, frequency, difficulty and flexibility.A mess was conducted indicating the major tasks involved in the job. The criteria used to evaluate each task were frequency, importance, flexibility and difficulty. Frequency meant how often the specific task was done as it relate to the job. Importance is the level of significance of the task to the job. Flexibility on the hand relates to the responsiveness of the task to the job while difficulty is the level of complexity in doing the job. The tasks are rated from the scale of one to fo ur with four the highest and one the last on the scale.The standard deviation shows the degree of deviation of the actual task compared to the desired performance with zero as the most desirable result as it indicate no deviation. The results being closer to zero indicate more desirability of performance where the farthest indicate the least desired performance.The result of survey indicate that there are three criteria in the job where deviation is very susceptible. Actual performance consistently varied from desired performance in the area of flexibility as the deviation is consistent across all tasks from scrutinizing documents to querying decisively about ambiguities in the text. Standard deviation on all task is 0.471404521. This would tell that flexibility is the number issue among readers and suggests that proofreaders should be trained with flexibility as all respondents deviated from desired performance.The second is area of the task of a proofreader that has consistent d eviation is difficulty. Except

Astr hw4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astr hw4 - Essay ExampleWith the use of the VLA, the remnant G 1.9 and 0.3 that was small in size detonate while near to the center of the galaxy. The result was a source of a supernova explosion that happened 400 years ago. After a period of twenty devil years, another explosion of the remnant occurred. It was a bit larger by 16 percent than the other supernova explosions. With the information it s true that the galaxy is decent deficient in the production of the supernova in the last years.2. The system concerning the origin of weewee is believed that water was released from the volcanoes that were transformed to be asteroids and meteoroids. In the first theory that is related to to the activity of the volcanic. It suggested that the earth had cooled leading to a re combination of the cooled elements. In the elements there existed hydrogen that split to form hydrocarbons of methane, and oxygen. The elements were carried into the air by the magma of hydrogen to create a combin ation of water droplets. The theory better explains the water accumulated on the surface but it does not explain seventy percent of the water sources. The second theory explains more claiming water to be formed by comets of earth-grazing. On the surface of the universe there exist water molecules at the nebulae. On the same note, water found at the universe is not the same as the one found at sea. The comets water has got deuterium levels (In Nollet & In De, 2013).3. The snowball earth is a theory that tries to explain one of the coldest climates on earth. This is a planet that is completely covered with the ice that is glacial having a temperature of around -50 degrees. This is because the radiation of the sun connects O.K. to the earths space. The evidence for the theory includes the distribution of both the Sturtian and Marinoan globally that form carbon isotope at the seawater. The marine deposits are also connected to the limestone at the surface of the ocean. The presence of the irons and deposits

Professional Articles Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Professional Articles Review - Essay ExampleJournal Of Science Teacher Education, 21(2), 161-179. Doi 10.1007/s10972-009-9161-8.758540.Mizrap, B. (2013). Teaching erudition through play in kindergarten does integrated play and science instruction build understanding? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. Vol. 21, no(prenominal) 2, 226249, http//dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2013.789195.The Effects of Kindergarten Experiences on Childrens bare(a) Science Achievement nurtureal policymakers struggle to form a curriculum that could help utilize the maximum potential of all child. It is apparent that the policymakers try to understand when and what should be done to enhance the cognitive growth in every child. The article The Effects of Kindergarten Experiences on Childrens Elementary Science Achievement presents answers to these issues obtained through statistical analysis of sample data consisting of 4,490 kindergarten children. The research conducted a quantitative ana lysis using the idea that there is a powerful connection between early childhood education and children intellectual development (Kumtepe, Kaya & Kumtepe, 2009, p. 978). Similarly, the authors talked about a study of student teachers attitudes that teaches science during preschool teacher education and how that influences them and pretends their visions of the teachers role and their positions in science teaching. Furthermore, the author believes that a teachers role and attitudes toward science and science teaching will affect preschool teachers behavior and confidence in the training teacher program.In the article Science Talks in Kindergarten Classrooms Improving Classroom commit Through Collaborative Action Research, this article explores the importance of assimilating science talks in Kindergarten classrooms as a contemporary teaching technique of centralize learning. Sarah, a Kindergarten teacher, demonstrates the importance of science talks in promoting learning of science . Integrating

History of art-Apadana Palace in persepolis Research Paper

History of art-Apadana Palace in persepolis - Research Paper ExampleThe verbal expression of the palace took thirty years to be complete. We faeces therefore, consider Apadana Palace as falling in the category of architectural complex, with regard to type of artwork. The materials used in the construction of Apadana Palace include stones and wood. isolated from the overall architectural works, other techniques were also employed in developing Apadana Palace. For instance, there were various carvings as part of the Apadana Palace.Apadana Palace stood to the right of the gatehouse in Persepolis. Overall, roughly archaeologists estimate that this building could have accumulated close to 10,000 people. The roof of Apadana was adjudgeed by enormous stone columns. Of these columns, 36 were interior columns, and another 36 offered support to the buildings verandas that were found on three sides of the building. This is a total of 72 columns. However, presently, only 32 of these columns remain standing. 13 of the destroyed columns still fall down in the remnants of this building today. Each of the columns was 20m tall and was topped by an elaborate capital. There are also double-headed animals at the top of the capitals, and these used to support woody roof beams, which have since been destroyed with time. Leading to the entrance of Apadana were monumental staircase that were well decorated with elaborate sculpture in relief (Iran Chamber smart set Web). Nonetheless, judging from the relief sculpture, this could be considered to represent the ceremonial procession that happened when representatives of countries that had been conquered by brought gifts to the King.The Apadana Palace was built by Darius. However, after the death of Darius, the son of Darius Xerxes completed the construction of the building (Mousavi 17). The Apadana Palace was built in order to serve official purposes in the empire. Persepolis was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire he nce this was the right location for

What are the major functions of congress are these based in the Term Paper

What are the major functions of congress are these based in the constitution or are they a function of the shifting residuum of political power - Term Paper ExampleThe Congress has also the authority to pass the appropriate legislation merged in the legislative powers of the Constitution. The Constitution further states that Congress shall have the power to provide for the common defense and the general welfare of the United States (Palekar, 121). However, the US chairperson has the power to veto a bill passed Congress but this veto power is not absolute. The Congress can override it if the two-third majority of the Congress passes the identical bill. From this perspective, we may say that the legislative powers of the US Congress are granted by the Constitution. The fictional character of the Congress and the President shows that the Constitution of the United States provides for a balance of power between the executive and the legislative branches (Ethridge and Handelman, 204) . In Mexico and Latin America, we had seen the existence of powerful presidents and weak legislatures.The role of the Congress is vital on the amendment procedures of the US Congress. The good word for amendment of a particular law or article will not stand valid unless the two-thirds majority of the members of the Congress support it. The US Supreme motor inn generally does not intervene in the approval or the interpretation of the Congress regarding any bills or laws (Palekar, 122). Therefore, we may conclude that the Congress plays an important role for amending the Supreme law of the nation.A joint session for both the Houses of the Congress is held after every four years to Count the electoral votes for the President and the Vice-President (Palekar, 122). If no candidate gets a majority of votes for the Presidential role then the House of Representatives has the power to select three candidates with the maximum numbers of notes. In case of the Vice-President, The Senate decid es on the issue and makes a choice between the two members with the highest votes. In 1837, the Vice-President was chosen in

Current Issues Assignment( change another topic about this) Essay - 1

Current Issues Assignment( change a nonher topic about this) - Essay ExampleCivil societies eat up always been staunch defenders of human rights in autocratic forms an example is Liu Xiaobo who was given an 11-year sentence for subversion of state power. Li et al (104) acknowledges by asserting that the take up for human rights in china today is actually an indispensable step in the countrys modernization plansThe Chinese economy has been growing promptly and that the pace of human rights reforms have been picking up and that it should be noted that political reforms should not be equated to legal reforms, they be correlated but not synonymousPolitical reforms should set the tone for legal reforms adoption of democratic principles in governance ultimately has a bearing on the justice system of a nation. For Beja et al (158) a harmonious society should feature democracy, the rule of law, equity, justice, sincerity, amity and

Water Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Cycle - Essay ExampleFactory effluence, poor sewage management, and poor depopulate disposal have threatened the supply of clean water to significant levels. Oil spillage features as a dominant factor of pollution in the modern world.Industrialization and urbanization are some of the human factors that have caused significant shortages in the availability of fresh water. Unequal distribution of fresh water resources has created conflicts and occasioned artificial shortages in many parts of the world. Modernization and technological systems of water supply has also had some adverse impact on the availability of fresh water. For instance, certain developments such as irrigations often require the consumption of large supplies of water. Modern usages of water occasion wastage of large amounts of water leading to corking shortages (Royte, 2010). benignant interventions in water availability has often involved the conflicts between parties where by the most privileged parties u se financial means or political favorable position to deny other groups sufficient access to water. Examples exist in parts of the developing world where conflicts between communities or countries have often led to acute water shortages in some of the affected

Analysing advertisement form a sociological and marketing perspective Essay

Analysing advertisement form a sociological and marketing perspective - Essay ExampleThey communicate class, personality and taste. The Guinness advertisement shows informative dialogue because of it intends the interview to make personal conclusions. This means that the advertisement achieved in the development of ostensive stimuli.The aim of ostensive communication is for the communicator to inform the audience more or less the informative intentions, in addition to the communicative intention (Scott-Philip, 2014). The bubbles caused by the water wave in the Guinness advertisement mimics the bubbles formed when the beer is poured in a glass. Mimicking the bubbles produces contextual assumptions, which leads an audience to make conclusions. In the case of the Carlsberg advertisement, the product is presented in comparison to a banana. The advertisement intends the audience to make a conclusion on whether the beer is the best in the world. This is ostensive because of the intentio n for the audience to make conclusions based on the product. The advertisement achieved the informative intention because it had an intention of informing the audience about something.Ostensive communication is overt because it involves extra layers of communication intentions, which inform an audience about informative intentions. This differs from the covert way of conveying information, which is not manifest. This form of communication requires an individual to engage inferences. Inferences in covert communication are less controllable. This means that the reader is exposed to manipulation (Anisoara, 2008, p. 1). The Guinness advertisement employs covert communication. The consumer is manipulated to think that the beer is unique to other beers. The mastery of the advertisement is dependent on the audiences ability to recognize the intentions of the advertiser. Covert communication is based on the tendency of the advertiser to maximize relevance. This increases the mishap to ma nipulate or predict

People's Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of Essay

Peoples Mujahidin Organization of Iran v. United States Department of State - Essay ExampleThe organization was known to conduct various terrorist activities during the administration of Khomeini as well as the Shah, which made the unpopularity of MeK inevitable. However, the organization claims to have ceased all of its terrorist activities since 2001 and has been aiming to improve its international ever since. This brings us to February 11th 2009, when the MeK filed a petition in the U.S court of Appeals to challenge its designation into terrorist organization (Foreign Terrorist Organization) by the U.S. Department of State. The MeK claims that it has halted all of its terrorist activities since 2001, with valid proof, and the decision of the Department of State to keep the organization listed in the foreign terrorist organization in 2008 and 2003 is unfair. This created a point of confrontation between the two organizations. One needs to take for account both sides of the cases in order to understand the contour properly (Alexander, 2003). In 1996 according to the AEDPA, the Department of State to create a list of global terrorist organizations called the FTO. It was done to cease their working inside the United States. The FTO was to be reviewed by the Department of State once every two years and later every five years to keep the list updated. MeK has been a part of the list since 2003 and has filed a petition to the department of state in 2008 to delist the organization from the list. The MeK has also provided various evidences for this petition to become a reality. The MeK has presented the following changes in its activities and prospects Ceased every on red military campaign in the territory of Iran since 2001. Has shared valuable intelligence information with the U.S. government regarding Irans nuclear program and maintain terrorist activities. Has surrendered all of its arms and military equipment to the U.S. military forces of Iraq and cooperat ed with the U.S. military forces at Camp Ashraf in Iraq. Has obtained a de tilt from terrorist organizations from various countries, such as the United Kingdom and the European Union. Has rejected violence and terrorist activities on record in 2004. Even after these substantial evidences, the U.S. Department State ruled out the petition of MeK and maintained its listing in the FTO as a terrorist organization. A listing in the FTO means that all assets an organization has in the United States will be overtaken by the government and the organization will not be allowed to hold any activity, even peaceful, inside the U.S. territory. For the U.S. Department of State to justify its decision, they released a 20-page record to support their decision. In such documents, the Department was expected to give a detailed description of each of every difference stated by the MeK. This wasnt the case here (McCormack and McDonald, 2006). The document, when analyzed by various analysts was found to be filled with one-sided reviews of past activities, dating back in the 1980s and the 1990s by the MeK. The department did not give any pro and cons of the activities mentioned by the MeK in their petition to the department and were all pointing towards the activities conducted by the organization way forrader 2001, after which the organization claims to have changed. Some descriptions given in the document was even contradictory to the activities of the MeK such as, On October 12, 2006, I received information that questioned activities were going on at the University compound, Camp

Current issue of media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current issue of media - Research Paper Exampletraditional media is further divided into two electronic and print media, where electronic media refers to television and radio and print refers to all print media like newspapers and magazines. Digital Media or unexampled media includes the internet, cellphones and other mobile devices. Like every invention, the media too has its pros and cons. These give birth to our topic of discussion i.e. current issues in the media and their solutions. Since traditional media allows controlled communication of information, it serves as a source of promoting tradition and culture. The reason why traditional media holds such importance is because it targets to the masses. The supreme aspect of this media is by far greater than that of new media, but, being a mass media it can play a significant role in shaping the minds of the people. Societal aggravations are greatly heated up with the wrong word picture through the mass media. Thus, it can be sa id that this is the biggest flaw in the traditional media is the uncontrolled flow of information. This information needs to be monitored carefully as this kind of media ensures wide-spread coverage of the content. On a societal scale, the inappropriateness of the content is one issue that has been highlighted for decades now (Garry 215). The nature of programs, even cartoons for that matter, is deemed unhealthy owing to verbalized subliminal messages and violent actions shown in them. However, this comes with a simple solution like selected viewership options, child-locks etc. Newspapers are by far the safest media as far as belongings the societal harmony and values intact is concerned. The content is highly filtered and relatively less aggravating as the other mediums. That being said, Advertising has seen a positive trend in the recent years. With the clutter of hundreds and thousands of brands, each trying to get their share in the market, there is an increase in the marketin g clutter on the traditional mass media. Whether these brands indulge in ethical advertising is another debate altogether, but the media should be responsible to ensure that at least lead product ads and infomercials are not given airtime, as it demonstrates false information which is against the ethics of a media aimed at targeting the masses. With the advent of technology, the birth of the internet, mobile devices etc. confound brought about a change in the popularity of the mass traditional media. The importance and mass coverage element is still intact, though there is a rapid shift of the people towards other media like e-papers, e-news, websites, social networking sites, blogs etc. Where these media stand for technological advancement, modernity and mobility, there are several issues attached to them as well. The staple change in media has been because of the introduction of two mediums, namely, the internet and the cellphones. The internet has brought about a positive chan ge in the world through its endless benefits, close to of which are absolute connectivity, availability of information on almost every topic in the world, Job search and hiring, interactive Marketing Avenue for companies, readily available product review, online education opportunities, and video conferencing programs like Skype etc. But, like mentioned earlier, everything comes with its pros and cons, so does this highly beneficial media. People can

Palamon Love Essay Example for Free

Palamon Love EssayPalamon wants Arcite to let his eyes of Emily and not interfere, but Arcite says l lie withd her first as women and on my head I swear, love is a greater law than any other that may be given to any earthly man. (pg. 89) love replaces all other commitments. They both(prenominal) record each other how much they love Emily. Later on, they both somehow manage to get out of prison. First, Arcite got out and after seven years Palamon.They both suddenly meet at grove in ngry looks and want to fight for Emily, while Theseus appearing there too with his wife and Emily. At first Theseus treasured to kill them, but seeing the situation of theirs he changes his mind and sets up arena for them to fght. They both are ready to do anything to grant Emily as wife. Then, Theseus builds 3 temples. Venus (the goddess of love), Mars (the god of war), and Diana (the goddess of chastity). Palamon went to Venus to ask to get Emily, Arcite went to Mars to ask to win the war, and E mily went to Diana to ask to say virgin or else marry a guy love her the most.After that, the booking begun and Arcite won the war with the help of the god that he visited, and Palamon lost, but in the end Palamon won and got Emily. Palamon won because of netherworld who sent earthquake at Saturns request for Venus. Arcite dies because of earthquake and fell from his horse and hits his head to ground. He died as noble knight to get Emily, and didnt care somewhat his brotherhood relationship with Palamon while fghing against him for Emily. The knight is noble, conqueror, gentle and has pity, which he is similar to Theseus the character in the story that he is telling.The gentle duke jumped down from his horse with compassionate heart as he heard them speak. (pg. 77) Theseus takes pity on those women that he meets on his way and gives what the women asked for. Which it looks like that the Knight is describing himself as Theseus. He likes fghting from the beginning so he made arrang ement for Arcite and Palamon to fght over Emily. The story starts with battle of Amazons and after he marries the queen of Amazon as price of winning a battle besides the story also ends with Palamon marrying Emily in which he also get her by winning the battle.

Planning Theory & Practice Essay Example for Free

Planning Theory Practice EssayThe creation of a whole new fibre of companionship, the virtual community, has done much to highlight the potential for communities to form beyond the contain of geographical space (Rheingold, 1993). Technological utopians have found community in cyberspace. Largely anecdotal evidence emphasizes the ability of computer networks to connect people across time and space in strong supportive relationships, blindly extending beyond characteristics of ethnicity, religion or national origin.Guilty of PlagiarismThe creation of a new community, which is called a virtual community, has allowed people to live beyond geographic space. Cyberspace is where technological people have found a sense of community. Computers can connect people across time and space no social occasion what their characteristics (Hampton, 2002). Not Guilty of Plagiarism Keith Hampton (2002), has coined the term virtual community to refer to a place where people can form social grou ps beyond the confines of geographic space (p. 228). This cyberspace provides a chance for individuals of varying races and religions to meet and interact via computer.Many technologically savvy people now have a place to meet other without having to physically travel (Hampton, 2002). Not Guilty of Plagiarism. Computers have allowed for people to meet those of other nationalities and cultures worlds away from one another through the computer. The networking capabilities of computers allow for people to build social groups, or communities, in cyberspace rather than in person. An ocean or a mountain will no longer be able to keep these technologically savvy pioneers apart (Hampton, 2002).

Transforming Leadership Analysis Essay Example for Free

Transforming leadership Analysis EssayIntroduction The strategic environ custodyt, national guidance, and operational control workplace tugfulnessts demand that todays US host forcess conduct trading trading operations of a type, rate, and duration that differ significantly from those of the ult. The late 20th century required a force able to execute a fixed number of deliberate state of state of war plans and prepargond to provide small forces for infrequent contingencies. The 21st century requires a force able to conduct sustained operations against several ongoing contingencies dapple go forwarding prepared to execute a number of deliberate war plans. Sustained operations and lot to meet both old and in the raw threats impart be normal for the foreseeable proximo. This situation requires changes in both structure and mindset.The multitude is rapidly transforming itself to meet both requirements. The struggle on Terrorism has give the force a strategic opportwholey to reshape itself. It is leveraging its war quantify focus to build campaign quality multitude forces with conjugation and expeditionary capabilities. It is shedding uneffective coveres and procedures designed for peace sequence and re-examining institutional assumptions, organisational structures, paradigms, policies, and procedures. (Kane Tremble 1994) This ongoing fault is producing a better balance of capabilities. When complete. Army forces ordain be able to deploy more than than promptly and sustain operations womb-to-tomb to exercise decisive get to origin across the range of force operations.The Armys goal is to transform itself into a more responsive, effective expeditionary force capable of sustained campaigning any where in the world. Mean temporary hookup, it continues to sustain operational check to combatant commanders and maintain the quality of the all-volunteer force. (Our Army at War applicable and Ready) Within the last century, the s cale of war has made necessary a different type of leader. We no longer fight for our farms, villages, and hunting lands. Our interests have shifted from straits and mountain caputes. In our current world, as a result of technological revolutions and ever nurtureing political inst baron, we appear unrecorded in the threat of a global war. motions have the potential to resonate in many continents subsequently influencing the economies, policies, and war strategies of nations worldwide. For these reasons, leaders must study the historic and integrate historys lessons learned with the late challenges of leading inwardly a heightened threat. Military leaders must maintain their grasp and focus on the technical mastery of war fighting, personal bra really, and the ability to inspire men to fight for a common cause.Victory volition lend itself to the commander who can master the terrain and divulge new or creative slipway to employ his weapons and men. leadership must be te chnically proficient with the arms they use to wage war. In a broad representative, the Spartans studied the natural tendency of phalanx formations to shift right and employed special tactics to break off part of their formation and mold it upon the flank of their enemy. Even here with similar weapons and tactics, the Spartans pursued the mastery of their war fighting system and stood victorious on the field of battle. (Bass 1990)For a more fine analysis, in 480 BC, during the Greco-Persian wars, a Spartan leader named Leonidas utilise terrain to his favor to inflict incredible damage upon his Persian enemy. The Persian regular army numbering between 200,000 and 250,000 men marched towards the northwest pass into Greece.Leonidas moved his forces to block the vital passage at Thermopylae, a narrow passage with high walls. Though he reinforced his army along the way, Leonidas could muster only(prenominal) 7,000 men. He immediately began building a wall between the pass to further narrow it and channel his enemy. Overwhelmed, the Spartans lost the pass however managed to kill 20,000 Persians to their 1,000 lost.Several centuries later in the US civil war, General Lee used his mastery of terrain at the Maryes Heights during the battle of Fredericksburg, Maryland. Mid-November in 1862, union forces under General Burnside began to occupy positions outside Falmouth near Fredericksburg to meet Lee. In response, Lee entrenched his forces at Maryes Heights, a higher found outside the t receive.In chip inition, the armies were now separated by the Rappahannock River. In December Burnside began his assault. Lee allowed the union forces to cross the river and then instructed his entire army to rude fire, which pinned Burnside between the Heights and the Rappahannock River. Lee managed to inflict 3 to 1 casualties upon the northern armies during several futile, uphill charges and Burnside is forced to call off his offensive. He would try again in January 1863, but would be repulsed by Lees army in their master copy position. (Kane Tremble 1994)Army renewalTransformation describes the process by which the current force is becoming the future force. It occurs as the Army incorporates new capabilities into its force structure and trains soldiers to use them. The future force is what the Army continuously seeks to become. It result be strategically responsive and joint inter hooklike. It allow for be capable of precision maneuver and able to dominate adversaries and situations across the range of array operations envisioned in the future security environment. The future force leave alone be lighter, more lethal and agile, and optimized for versatility. It go forth be capable of seamlessly transitioning among the different types of military operations. Army transformation is more than materiel solutions.Adaptive and primed(p) leaders, innovative concept wear outment and experimentation, and lessons learned from recent operations produce corresponding changes to doctrine, organizations, information, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF). DOTMLPF is a riddle-solving construct for assessing current capabilities and managing change. Change is achieved done a continuous cycle of adaptive variation, experimentation, and experience. Change deliberately executed across DOTMLPF elements enables the Army to cleanse its capabilities to provide dominant land power to the joint force.Authoritative basis that sets into attain the Armys transformation strategies, It provides limited objectives, assigns responsibilities for execution, and synchronizes resources. It contracts the planning, preparation, and execution of Army operations and Army transformation within the context of the nations ongoing strategic commitments. These commitments and resource availability dictate the synchronization and pace of change. The Army Campaign Plan also sustains operational support to combatant commander s and maintains the quality of the all-volunteer force. (FM 1)In contrast, when in history a leader has demonstrated cowardice, it has stripped them men of their warrior spirit, unity, and willingness to fight. When Antony fled the battle at Actium, his unit became dis cook and smutchd and subsequently lost the battle. The same result occurred when Napoleon abandoned his army at Waterloo. (Kane Tremble 1994)These characteristics of valor and virtuous courage are illustrated in the battles of General Washington. He sat with the remnants of the Continental Army at Valley Forge starving, inadequately sheltered, and with their only clothing rotting off their backs. Though he had been successful earlier on, Washington now found his army suffering by means of one of the worst American net incometers and troubled by low esprit de corps and desertion.In response to his pleas for additional funds and supplies the American congress suggested he quarter his troops in the nearby towns. Qu artering was an acceptable practice and sure expected given his circumstances, but Washington feared the impression his troops would have upon the American public and how it would affect the support for the war and the resulting g everywherenment. After much honourable deliberation, he gathered his troops and spoke to them.His decision to stay in the blistering cold and suffer the winter was unpopular at first, but his men began to understand his reasons and responded to his exemplary leadership. Washingtons personal bodily processs and moral courage renewed his mens faith, convinced them to stay the wrangle, and above all to do the right thing. In the combat action of the Revolutionary war Washington had a dozen mounts shot out beneath him, and was once missed by a round that struck through his overcoat and he narrowly escaped injury. His morality was accompanied by his physical courage in battle inspiring his men to fight on despite their hardships. (Tremble 1992)Literature R eviewNearly a century later, the moral courage and personal character of its commanding general held together an undersupplied, undermanned, yet positive Confederate army. In the final battle of the Civil War, Lee demonstrated his dedication to his men and willingness to sacrifice himself over his command. The opposing armies were prepared for battle in a field near the town of Appomattox. Near the beginning of the assault Lees lines began to give way forcing him into a moral dilemma that affected the overall course of the war. In this moment Lee replaced his personal drive for victory with the sobering realization of defeat.Understanding the futility of further efforts against his enemy, Lee sent a flag of armistice to his counterpart, despite the war cries and urging of his men to return to battle. He sacrificed personal pride and commitment to victory for his duty and loyalty to his men. General Lees character and agreement to do the right thing tied together and motivated th e armies of the south and his soldiers understood that Lee acted for the eudaimonia of the Confederacy and not for personal gain.In WWII, 80 yrs after Lees surrender, the US was at the height of submarine patrols against Japan in WWII, and Commander Howard Gilmore set a course from Brisbane, Australia into Japanese waters to interrupt their shipping lanes in the USS Growler. magical spell surfaced to charge the submarines batteries, Gilmore was engaged and rammed by a Japanese ship. Attacking the crippled and idle Growler, enemy gunners quickly sprayed the bridge of the submarine cleaning the Assistant Officer of the Deck, manifestationout, and wounding Gilmore. The submarine remained under still serious fire from the enemy machine gunners.Aware that the Growler would be sunk in the time needed for him to crawl below decks, Gilmore made the supreme sacrifice for his shipmates. Commander Gilmore put his command before himself and through his selfless and courageous act rescue his crew at the cost of his own life. His ordered his crew to, Take her round and then perished at sea.Perhaps the nigh decisive aspect of moral leadership is the ability to inspire a fire within mass to fight for a common goal or unit objective. Moral courage and technical expertise and skill are the enabling devices for which a leader may instill confidence and trust among his troops, but it is the ability to produce a common objective that will inspire men to fight. A free and voluntary army requires an indisputable cause. (Tremble 1992)For example, General Washington was able to contain the rivaling factions of the American Revolution and then unite and direct them towards a common purpose. Unable to agree amongst them as to an appropriate course of action, it was Washingtons decisive and assertive leadership that merged their purpose. Despite their conflicting ideas, the Americans believed unanimously in the ability of Washington. In much the same way, Robert E. Lee fused a nd gave purpose to the Confederate states in the Civil War and Winston Churchill unified the rivaling factions of the British government during WWII.One of the better examples of inspirational leadership is from recent history. Al-Qaeda forces draw their strength and morally rationalize their terrorist attacks through their overzealous belief in the justness of their cause. The terrorist leaders harness the energy created by this fanaticism in their culture and focus it towards a common goal. This leadership style establishes a purpose and allows for a transition into active fighting spirit.These leadership traits are fundamental and remain at the foundation of successful military leadership. They remain a leadership challenge for all fighting men in the worlds militaries and occur at all levels within the military force. Those who master and arm themselves with these concepts are positioned to succeed while those who ignore them are destined to fail.Transformational leadinghip a nd Subordinate Outcomes on Army a Case StudyBasss (1985a, 1985b) ideas have enthused substantial enumerate of study. The mass of this study has investigated the foundation line or circuitous effect of transformational behaviors on leader or unit recital and effectiveness. Research on the hypothesized swell effects of ordinate outcomes admiration, respect, and trust of the leader, motivation and commitment to shared goals and visions innovative and creative approaches and growth reflecting the unequaled needs and desires of individual pursuit. According to Bass, follower outcomes promoted by transformational behaviors result in levels of organisational attempt and recital over and further than what are possible by transactional behavior.These effects of transformational leadership on subordinate outcomes defines the augmentation hypothesis, which has , control empirical testing of Basss ideas virtually transformational leadership. Basss (1985a, 1985b) ideas are parti cularly striking to organizations, like todays military, in which success depends on the participation and active participation of all organizational members. U.S. Army doctrine, for instance, mentions leadership as the most essential component of combat power or the ability to fight and win.This doctrine more envisions that leaders add to effectual unit recital by inspiring purpose, direction, and will to win. Basss ideas for the expansion of successful army leaders have been so striking that the U.S. military in recent times published volume discussing issues and insinuations raised by the distinction among transformational and transactional behaviors (Bass, 1996).Study in U.S. Army units has supported these doctrinal views relating to the significance of the interactions between leadership, soldier circumstances, and unit performance. Siebold (1994), for instance, measured the work enthusiasm of soldiers 2 to 4 weeks earlier to their units contribution in replicated battle exercises. Strong, optimistic correlations were obtained among pre-exercise modes of soldier enthusiasm and rated success of units passim the exercises.In adding, the motivation-unit-performance association was moderated by leader efficiency. So as to, when units were grouped by discernments of leader efficiency, strong, optimistic correlations were obtained for units with the uppermost leadership ratings but not for units with worst ratings. Savell, Teague, and Tremble tested the connection among leader-follower characteristics. They reported that positive association existed among the enthusiasm levels of leaders and followers and that the force of that association augmented as followers reports of Leaders overall ability also increased. (Tremble 1992)Organizational Level and Transformational BehaviorsBass (1990) argued that the principles of transformational leadership apply to all organizational levels. Consistent with argument, transformational research has tryd sample s ranging from cadets at military institutes to executives and world leaders. Potentially inconsistent with Basss (1985b) quarrel, though, is the deviation in results obtained across organizational settings. For example, Spangler and Braiotta (1990) reported that transactional scope was slightly more strongly correlated with audit mission efficiency than were transformational features.In this framework, monitoring mis agrees and satisfying accuracy may have been essential for leader recital. As such(prenominal), lively management by omission and dependent reward predicted recital as powerfully as did transformational actions. Spangler and Braiotta as well found that active, management by omission was as powerfully connected with the transformational scales as those scales were connected between one another. In difference, Howell and Avolio reported that active management by omission was unconstructively connected with unit recital and transformational leadership in pecuniary ins titutions. (Bass 1986)How to report for these unreliable effects is not overall clear. Relationships among leaders and followers vary crosswise organizations. As leaders move on in organizations, they grow carefulness and authority, use less time intimately supervising followers, and sire on broadened responsibilities. Crossways levels, followers frequently vary in status, carefulness, independence, and promise.In adding, the continuous tense understanding and training conventional by organizational personnel might generate diverse expectations between junior leaders, more senior leaders, and followers almost actions that comprise suitable leadership actions. at that placefore, the unreliable effects obtained for transformational and transactional behaviors could reproduce a number of issues, together with the suitability of a single-form device, for instance the MLQ, for recitation variations across levels in leadership roles, in function relationships, or in contexts. (Bass 19 86)Though the connotation of leader actions and of follower prospect concerning that behavior might modify crosswise organizational levels, the regularity of precise types of behavior might also vary. Kuhnert and Lewis explained that adults are extra liable to connect in transformational behaviors after they have attained advanced stages of respectable growth.Behind this outlook, increased transformational behavior (but not essentially transactional behavior) was god for other senior Army leaders (Bass et al., 1987b). On the contrary, transactional behavior was originated to typify victorious cadets all through their pre-commissioning preparation and learning at a state military college. Contrary proof was obtainable by Lowe et al. (1996), who completed in their meta-analysis that transformational leadership did not considerably vary as a purpose of organizational level. (Bass 1996)Our current National Security Strategy (NSS), National Military Strategy (NMS) and existing Army for ce structure were ill conceived for the future of the Army. As a result of the Bottom-Up Review (burr), the Army was right sized and structured to meet the requirements to fight and win both major theater wars (MTWs). However, this force structure was never intended to support current deployment levels for military operations other than war (MOOTW).In fact, the BUR warned that, Protracted commitments to peace operations could lower the overall readiness of US active duty forces over time, and in turn, reduce our ability to fulfill our system to be able to win two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts. Increased MOOTW deployments such as Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia have driven the Armys operational tempo (OPTEMPO) to historically high levels. As prophesied by the BUR, the Armys overall readiness is declining. Moreover, given our current NSS, a turbulent international community ripe with MOOTW opportunities and go along fiscal pressures, it is un liable(predicate) the Army can expect a reduction to OPTEMPO in the near future. In short, the Army is faced with a strategy and force structure mismatch.To compound this mismatch, the Army faces another pressing problem in its responsibilities to support joint war fighting. As joint war fighting doctrine continues to adopt and improve, deficiencies concerning searing missions such as rear area certificate of the joint logistics and sustain base and the need for a war-termination force have surfaced (US Department of Defense, 1995, pp.1-9). These unique Army missions pose a difficult challenge. How can the Army correct these joint war fighting deficiencies in an environment that already overtaxes its capabilities and resources?Late in the Cold War, the Armys strategy for using its confine Component (RC) forces was totally different from todays. Born of the joint vision of General Creighton Abrams and Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, the Total chock up concept was embraced by an Army all too aware of the p roblems created by not using significant RC forces in either the Korean or Vietnam Wars. The Armys overall readiness is declining. Moreover, given our current National Security Strategy, a turbulent international community ripe with opportunities for military operations other than war and continuing fiscal pressures, it is unlikely the Army can expect a reduction to OPTEMPO in the near future.In short, the Army is faced with a strategy and force structure mismatch (1993). It is time to abandon the conflict between the active Army and Army National Guard (ARNG) over Guard readiness and look at ARNG maneuver unit utility from a new perspective. The search for a new paradigm properly begins by considering the connection between readiness and risks.Reserve Component (RC) units cannot attain the readiness levels of equivalent Active Component (AC) units in 39 days of yearly pre-mobilization training. Therefore, some degree of risk will always be associated with early deployment of RC uni ts. The key question is how much risk is acceptable? If the risk of deploying ARNG maneuver units early is within acceptable limits, the Army could welfare greatly. (Bass 1996)The decision to deploy these units meant that the Army was accepting some degree of tactical risk that units could not perform some of the missions for which they were organized. Even during the defense build-up in the mid-80s, the Army maintained its strategy of early deployment of RC maneuver forces. In a security environment of high threat and increasing resources, the Army was willing to accept the tactical risks associated with deploying these RC units (Noyes, 1995, pp.8-9). Today, the Army faces no peer competitor such as the massive Soviet Army, just a small group of ill-trained, ill-equipped regional armies.Army and joint capabilities for precision deep attack of enemy forces have revolutionized the ground combat concept of battle space. No longer must the enemy be reduced in a desperate fight by maneu ver elements along the forward line of troops (FLOT). Deadly surface and air joint operational fires, many miles away, can now reduce enemy maneuver units from the FLOT.Although resource constraints have reduced the active Armys relative maneuver combat power by nearly half since the RC units cannot attain the readiness levels of comparable AC units in 39 days of yearly pre-mobilization training. Therefore, some degree of risk will always be associated with early deployment of RC units. The key question is how much risk is acceptable? If the risk of deploying ARNG maneuver units early is within acceptable limits, the Army could benefit greatly. (Waldman et al 2001)In November 1999, US Army Chief of Staff Eric K. Shinseki directed the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) to undertake a comprehensive review of the Army force structure. In response, the TRADOC commander, General John Abrams, began growing a brigade-sized force capable of rapid deployment, yet with the stayi ng power of the current heavy force (1993).This force would have to be able to respond to the growing number of peacekeeping and small-scale conflicts, as well as, facing the problems of nontraditional threats and the likely hood of terrorist threats. The Army today is built on a heavy force and a light force. The heavy force has the necessary firepower and sustainability but require too much time to deploy. The light force can deploy quickly, but lack the power and sustainability to remain for extended periods of time. (Waldman et al 2001)Under this new transformational plan, there would be a combat force comprised of elements of the active Army heavy and light forces, along with, elements of the Army National Guard and Army Reserve forces. This would provide a mix of forces that could deploy fast, pack the necessary combat power, and be able to sustain contact for an extended period of time without direct support. It would also provide our part-time soldiers with the necessary add itional training to sustain their combat readiness and confidence.This will bring the armed forces to the realization of an Army of one. As we can see from the events of today, that the conventional Army of the past is no longer the Army of the future. The forces have to be ready to react to any possible action or conflict that may arise. Terrorism is an entity that has a broad hand. The multitude of the armed forces has had to come together to provide the necessary force to not only fight abroad, but to secure to home front from attack.The part-time soldier has stepped up in this new transformational Army to take to job of homeland protectors while the specialized forces have taken on the challenge of rooting out the evil. Did the US Army Chief of Staff Eric K. Shinseki have a premonition of the events that unfolded over the last fewer months? He may or may not, but the fact is that he new that the Army of old could not fight the battles of the future. Transformation was inevitabl e, and he was the man to see the emerging trend of modern day warfare.PresentThe observations illustrated above show how far the Army has come in the past 15 years concerning civilians in the Total Army. The new FM 22-100 is the latest indicator that the Total Army must depend on all its components in performing todays missions. The Army is smaller today than at any time since before World War II and it continues to downsize. In less than a decade, the Army reduced its ranks by more than 630,000 people, closed more than 700 installations and changed from forward-deployed force to a Continental United States-based, power-projection force. The number of deployments in that same period increased by 300 percent accordingly, missions were realigned and force structures changed.The bottom line is that DACs have assumed responsibilities in the Total Army that were not even envisioned a partner off of decades ago. The Army simply cannot mobilize, deploy or sustain itself without its civi lian component. The old ways of doing business do not work anymore. The outdated paradigms that endure close to DACs should be revisited. DACs roles, responsibilities and leader challenges are in constant flux.Emphasizing the need to develop civilian leaders for positions of greater responsibility, Reimer stated, We cannot leave the development of our civilian leaders to chance. The development of civilian leaders starts with the accession and training of interns. We must hire the lift out and train them to meet the challenge, of the 21st century . It is important that we continue the fury on professional development for all civilians through the executive level. (Waldman et al 2001)It was only a little more than a decade ago that the Army began providing progressive and sequential competency-based leadership training for civilians through the Center for Army Leadership (CAL), Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the Army Management Staff College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. Before the mid- 1980s, a career track comparable to those for officers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) did not exist for DACs.Historically, the career program functional chiefs for about 25 percent of DACs who were in career programs determined their technical requirements. Supervisors determined the appropriate training for those not in career programs. Not enough oversight was given to identifying civilians with potential for advancement or systematically determining the skills needed to prepare high-caliber individuals for progressively more responsible leadership roles. In essence, leader development for DACs was not a consideration. (Tremble et al 1997)The difficulty of creating a civilian training program was compounded by the fact that civilians enter the federal work force at various levels based on their qualifications for specific jobs, rather than at a single point as officers and enlisted personnel do at the start of their careers. An individual is hired with a presumption of havi ng the training needed for the position he is to occupy. Additional training is provided only after finding that the person needs to enhance the skills required by the job. Bringing such a person to a high-performing level in a reasonable amount of time is a tremendous challenge for any commander or leader.Historically civilian training does not compete with military training for resources. The Army has made considerable progress in the past 15 years in modernizing civilian personnel management. Programs such as the Army Civilian Training, Education and Development body (ACTEDS) and the Total Army Performance Evaluation System (TAPES) have eliminated many of the earlier systems complexities, resulting in some civilian developmental programs more closely resembling those for officers and enlisted personnel.ACTEDS provides a career progression road map for developing and training civilians from entry to senior level. The development of civilian leaders, like that of their uniformed c olleagues, is a blend of institutional training, operational assignments and self-development. The Civilian Leader Development Action Plan provides similar frames of reference as plans developed for officers, warrant officers and NCOs. ACTEDS specifies training in two areas professional technical career training and leadership and training.There are some underlying concepts that are common to all three courses. The content in individually course is embedded in the Armys leadership doctrine and values. Participants experience leadership in its purest formexperience being the operative word. Experiential learning permeates the course from the moment class begins and continues until the participants depart. CLTD courses are the only ones the Army offers that employ existential learning.Adults learn better if they experience a situation rather than simply hearing about it from others. In experiential learning, everyone in a situation has his own personal experience. Human nature being what it is, no two experiences are exactly the same because of individual backgrounds, prior experiences, biases, values, beliefs and attitudes. Once the common experience is complete, participants examine the varied perspectives in the group and look at why those different views exist.Through discussion, participants begin to discover the factors that came together to create the behaviors others saw. They consider the lessons they can take away from the experience and then examine possible new courses of action. Through this process, greater and deeper understanding develops, trust grows and squads build. (Kane Tremble 1994)The focus is on how people work together, as contrasted to what they may be working on. Participants examine how the group made decisions and how those decisions affected members commitment to the final product, how conflicts were resolved, how people communicated with one another and how groups dealt with common issues or problems. In doing this, the particip ants learn more about themselves and others. Many opportunities arise end-to-end each course for participants to discover how influential they can be with other members.They live the Armys values and come away with a real understanding of those valuesnot merely slogans that are little more than bumper stickers. They polish influential communication skills and gain a better understanding of their individual strengths and the areas where they may want to change. Opportunities abound for those who desire to practice new behaviors and receive feedback from others in the group.They also examine the choices they have in their lives, which often yield surprises. If individuals see that they are empowered to influence their own behavior, then they can do a better job of influencing and motivating others. Leaders also learn how to diagnose the culture in their organizations, develop visions for their organizations and lead change. Class participants learn what works for them personally and do not simply take home cookie-cutter recipes for leadership.Condition Peace and WarThe previous debate was concerned mainly with serving leaders comprehend how the leadership equation develop as leader moves from strategic leadership to superior levels. As general rule, the wartime mission is more serious and result of breakdown takes on potentially contraband consequences. Therefore, the arrow under the assignment column is considerably bigger than the other arrows. A unit that breakdowns to convene its peacetime tasking might ruined an operational readiness inspection (ORI) or acquire a commander fired. Over time of war, the mental state of followers takes on superior meaning since terror complicates their aptitude to execute. Leaders have to take this aspect into reflection when transitioning from tranquility to war.To recompense for fear and the superior significance of mission achievement, leaders might understandably turn out to be more demanding. In case we deduce too much from the above case, we would propose that a demanding style is not routine response to a battle environment. Under usual conditions, a leaders style wont transform simply as the bullets are flying. It depends on the circumstances and the leader. If one has never individually practiced combat, one cannot recognize in what the difficulties continuously mentioned actually consist, nor why a commander should need any brilliancy and outstanding skill. . . .Everything in war is straightforward, but the simplest thing is not easy. The difficulties build up and end by producing kind of resistance that is unthinkable if one has experienced war, last war versus peace related issue should be addressed at the present. As we change to a more follower-oriented, empowering leadership model in peace for example TQM, there are possible pitfalls for us when busy in battle operations. The basic principle of essential training over the years has been to smash down the individuals civilian min d-set that is obviously opposed to subsequent potentially life-threatening battleground orders.In place of the inhabitant mind-set, we replacement military discipline throughout fundamental training, an automatic compliance to strict leadership style. The objective of QAF is just the contradictory. It seeks to move authority from the leader to subordinates and to solicit ideas and insights from followers in a very friendly, benign atmosphere. How will the methodically indoctrinated and empowered QAF follower react if the units control takes on a more despotic style during battle? This is a military issue that prospect leaders, mainly at the unit level, need to address. (Spangler Braiotta 2000)Condition Combined LeadershipOne more difference in the leadership equation that will turn out to be more and more significant in todays atmosphere involves the mixture of friendly forces. A single-service process is comparatively simple to organize since like-minded persons are concerned in accomplishing the task. Their communication is facilitated by an ordinary dictionary and a ordinary orientation to their exacting way of combating. One time we comprise members of an additional service, though, additional considerations and sensitivities require to be addressed. Differences in service doctrine and operational methods not merely aggravate working jointly but can have a harmful, even deadly consequence on operations.to boot, inter service rivalries have intricate and will carry on to confuse mission achievement. The rivalry between Gen Douglas MacArthur and a admirals Ernest J. King/Chester W. Nimitz in the World War II Pacific Theater led to a less than best harmonization of operations. Alternatively, Army general Omar Bradley and an Air Force general Elwood R. Quesada worked fine jointly. The circumstances become especially multifaceted when allies are drawn in.Additionally to doctrinal and service mismatching, cultural and chronological differences complex effor ts to organize joint operations. In an Airpower Journal article The Staff Experience and Leadership Development, Gen John Shaud noteworthy that a likelihood of your contribution in a joint partnership staff in this post-cold war world has augmented by an order of magnitude. He served as a chief of staff for the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) until lately and as of that skill made the following observationOn the alliance staff, as is the case with some new management position . . . my main assignment was to organize the activities of the workforce. . . . Additionally to what you might usually wait for that to entail, I originate that I also had to be a negotiator, diplomat, taskmaster, and cheerleader. I learned also that on the SHAPE staff (as well as on most coalescency staffs), some of the most significant factors to be measured were appreciating intrinsic differences in culture and speech and possessing a solid intellect of history.Future Operating environs Challen ges and RecommendationsThe Army is preparing today to meet the four types of challenges Traditional, Irregular, Catastrophic, and Disruptive. To address traditional challenges, the Army is extending its mastery of major combat operations. It is maintaining the ability to counter todays conventional threats while preparing for tomorrows anti-access environments. The ability to prevail in major combat operations is a crucial responsibility and primary driver of capabilities development. Many capabilities required for major combat operations apply across the range of military operations. Those capabilities include Strategic and operational mobility Advanced information systems to support command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance Precision weaponry Force protection and Sustain. The Army is broadening and deepening its ability to counter irregular challenges. However, because the Nation cannot afford two armies, the Army is meeting this requirement by increasin g the versatility and insouciance of the same forces that conduct conventional operations. In many situations, the combination of traditional and irregular threats presents the most demanding challenges to military effectiveness. This combination requires soldiers and units able to transition between the operations required to counter conventional and irregular threats. Preempting catastrophic threats includes deterring the use of, or destroying weapons of mass destruction.It is increasing its ability to rapidly project forces and decisively maneuver them over both global and theatre distances. It is seeking minimal reliance on predictable, vulnerable deployment transition points (intermediate staging bases) or ports of entry. To prepare for disruptive challenges, the Army is maintaining and astir(p) a range of capabilities, minimizing the potential for single point strategic surprise and failure. It is also developing intellectual capital to power a culture of innovation and adap tability, the Armys most potent response to disruptive threats. While preparing for irregular, disruptive, and catastrophic challenges, the Army is retaining its ability to dominate land operations in traditional conflicts.American land forces clearly occupy a commanding position in the world with respect to defeating traditional military challenges. The Army must retain a superior position, particularly in the face of modernizing armies that might challenge US partners and interests. Failure to maintain a qualitative edge over these traditional threats would promote dissymmetry and create vulnerabilities that adversaries might attempt to exploit.While technology will be crucial to achieving greater operational agility and precision lethality, the human dimension will continue to be the critical element of war. The soldier will remain the centerpiece of Army organizations. As the complexity of operations increases, well-trained, innovative, and disciplined soldiers and leaders will become more important than ever. Recruiting, training, educating, and retaining of soldiers is vital to maintaining land power dominance in all forms of conflict. (FM 1)ConclusionThe research of Bss, Burns, Kuzs and Psn had one major preliminary task, then, was to assemble a list of behaviors that seemed to be critical. That list would be used in surveys and discussions with the study participants. While this study focused on sectionalisation commanders, the requisite behaviors were typically relevant to any level of the organization, and discussions with participants, who ranged in grade from captain to lieutenant general, went beyond the sole(a) behavior of division commanders. (As one indicator of the relative universal applicability of basic leader behaviors, an Army Research Institute study a few years ago on leader effectiveness in light infantry platoons showed many critical behaviors at that level were similar to those seen important for division commanders.)An interesting but not surprising finding from that exploration of previous studies was that certain behaviors kept surfacing as crucial to good leadership. There is no doubt that Army officers over the years have had a solid feel for what good looks like. While there are some differences of opinion on the relative importance among behaviors, there is remarkable agreement across grades and branches on which set of behaviors really make a difference. It is also important to note that in distinguishing good leaders from others, the distinction did not fall between leaders on one side, who focused on mission, and leaders on the other, who focused on people. Rather, it was how leaders approached mission and people that accounted for the perceived differences in the quality of their leadership.The team that created the study also recognized that operations in Iraq present an environment that epitomizes two fundamental challenges for leaders of all organizations the need to attain immediate tactical su ccess while maintaining the long-term health of the force and establish the necessary centralize control to ensure integration of operating systems while encouraging and supporting the required initiative at subordinate levels. The study team eventually disjointed 29 behaviors, derived from current leadership doctrine and the synthesis of prior studies.That preliminary list was further reviewed by a number of active duty and retired officers who had spacious leadership experience. An Army War College class and some scientists familiar with Army leadership principles and methods also helped to refine the list. The final list became one of the survey instruments used in the study. These 29 behaviors were seen as relevant and comprehensive by the 77 officers from the four divisions, who eventually participated in the study at their home stations within a few weeks of returning from OIF.To gain an external view of division mission accomplishment, two corps commanders and a deputy cor ps commander were queried about the combat performance of the divisions and the styles of the division commanders (individual or unit info was not specified in the report subordinate participants provided survey input anonymously).In each division, the division commander, the assistant division commanders (when available), the chief of staff, eight members of the division staff, and from six to ten subordinate commanders completed survey instruments and participated in lengthy and wide-ranged discussions with study team members. These participants had observed the division commander during most or all of the divisions deployment to OIF. (Waldman et al 2001)The study report provided a number of conclusions and recommendations. The study concluded that we have a lot of impressive people in todays very busy Army The study further concluded that we still have some development and weft work to do. In particular, we must have the interpersonal skills to gain trust and build the essentia l horizontal and vertical teams needed to take full advantage of the high level of tactical and technical competency that typically exists in our Army.Twelve behaviors, validated by officers returning from a combat theater, were selected as the most important factors in creating a command climate that supports operational excellence and motivating competent people to continue their military service. These behaviors, referred to in the study as the Big 12, also best differentiate between good and poor leaders. Note that the criterion included both short- and long-term mission requirements tactical success today a strong Army tomorrow. Army doctrine should explicitly acknowledge that being a good manager is not the same as being a good leader.FM 22-100 and related publications ought to provide all officers and NCOs with textual resources to clearly articulate the differences between supervising, administering and creating leadership within their units, and they should suggest ways in which the skills and aptitudes that contribute to each of these complementary, but distinct, competencies can be independently trained and appraised. The Officer Evaluation propound and Noncommissioned Officer Evaluation Report and their governing regulations must also be modified to reflect leadership-management distinctions and provide means to separately evaluate performances in each of these areas.To determine pure leadership competency, in particular, serious thought should be given to incorporating nontraditional forms of assessment such as 360-degree evaluations into the rating process. Here, the observations of peers and subordinates are factored into the rated soldiers performance review. When properly interpreted, such data can be useful in matching the right person to the right job, as well as helping to focus leaders attention on truly serving their teams and organization, rather than just pleasing their boss. Impressive gains in performance and productivity are being r eported by civilian companies such as Frito Lay and Intel, which have successfully merged 360-degree and similar assessment methods into their human resource systems (Champy).Armed with such tools and an expanded accent upon critical self-evaluation, those in command or other positions of responsibility can then more accurately identify strengths and weaknesses in their own personal inventory of people skills, as well as in the collective inventory of their staff, and make appropriate adjustments. Finally, the importance of participative, emotionally engaged followers in the leadership process can hardly be overstated. Because all military leaders are also followers in some context, leadership doctrine must explicitly consider the characteristics of effective followers and instruct leaders how best to forge and encourage them at all levelsfrom the fire team on up.Creating wide parameters within which followers may exercise judgment and make decisions, exploring/aligning the personal goals and values of soldiers with those of the organization and providing meaningful, responsive incentives to excel must be stressed as critical leadership tasks.When effectively executed, these musts will combine to create teams with genuinely shared vision and commitment, operating via an influence connection between leaders and followers that transcends the tacitly coercive nature of military relationships. In this way, authentic leadership will underpin effective command in our Army, attracting and retaining the high-quality soldiers so vital to future operations. (Waldman et al 2001)ReferencesBass, B. M. (1985a). 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