New Institutional Economics and the Philippines Essay -- Economy Econo

New Institutional frugals and the PhilippinesNew Institutional Economics offers a way to examine the dynamics of growth -particularly with an eye toward explaining the problems of slow growth in developing economies, where market systems may be presumed to be weak or incomplete. I will reassessment these concepts within the framework of the Philippines, a sizable country with a rich and diverse set of resources, which however is not achieving significant growth.At present the Philippines is in a depressed albeit not grim state. It remains firmly enmeshed in the World Banks lower middle income category of nations with a GDP per capita of $1,050 (U.S. 1998 book of maps method). 38% of the Philippines population is below the national poverty line. And it has one of the higher population growth rates in the region at 2.7% which will triple the population within 30 grades if continued1. Growth rate of GDP per capita in the period 1988 to 1998 was only 1.3%. Its total debt in 1998 was 73% of Gross national Product and this is a growing percentage through the last decade. The overall story on exports is not clear, but traditional export products and categories (sugar, coconut oil colour /related products, rice, and timber) are not growing. Perhaps the most notable element is the degree to which it has not shared in regional growth. As noted by Yoshihara Kunio, relative per capita GNP between the Philippines and Thailand has reversed in the last 40 to 50 years (Yoshihara, 2). One reason for this is the tremendously damaging twenty year government of Ferdinand Marcos which among many other things left the county in an extremely indebted state at the onset of a world wide recession in the late 1980s. A period of relative political instability follo... ...ent of the New Institutional Economics. Harriss 27-48.-Toye, John the NIE and its Implications for Development Theory. Harriss 49-70.-Harriss-White, Barbara. Maps & Lndscps Grain Markets in S. Asia. Harriss 87-10 8.Kelly, Philip F. Landscapes of Globalization Human Geographies of Economic Change in the Philippines. London/New York Routledge, 2000.U.S. State Department. Background notes Philippines, August 1999. Washington DC . http//www.state.gov/www/background_notes/Philippines-1999 Country Reports on Economic Policy and parcel out Practice U. S. Dept. of State March 2000 (Philippines PDF ,obtained from internal link previous cite).World Bank. Philippines at a glance (PDF). Washington D.C . http//worldbank.org/.Yoshihara, Kunio. the Nation and Economic Growth the Philippines and Thailand. Kuala Lumpur/Oxford Oxford Univ Press, 1994.

Success of a Family: Aspirations & Motives of the Younger Family in Lo

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun revolves around a short but difficult occlusive in the lives of the young family. Each family member has dreams of a higher quality of life free from the pressures of poverty and the literal confines of an outgrown and decrepit apartment. Ultimately, the ambitions of each Younger are inspired by dreams of a better life for the family as a whole. Though each Younger approaches this goal differently, they each desire to surface above their current position in the rat trap of society into a better, more respectable, life (964). Each Younger is chasing an ambiguous notion of succeeder and believes that they will bring an end to the familys hardships consequenti tout ensembley leading to prosperity and, of chief importance to the Youngers, the rebirth of the families relationships and pride.Walter Lee Younger aspires to obtain wealth and peck through entrepreneurism and business savvy. Walters belief that money is life drives his desire to beco me a powerful business person and fuels his belief that the familys problems could all be solved with enough money (980). Unfortunately, Walters lack of experience, demonstrated by his belief that dont nothing happen for you in this world less you commit somebody off, continually hinders his success in life (957). Despite his shortcomings, Walter is persistent in his belief that he can succeed as a entrepreneur, eventually takingsing in the loss of the familys insurance money to Willie Harris. Walters belief that money is the solution results in him taking an unreasonable risk. Though these risks result in harm coming to his family they were undertaken in a desperate attempt to improve their lives. Walters actions are also significantly motivated by hi... ...ay own, as well as reasserting their pride as a family and establishing themselves in a higher socioeconomic bracket. Though the hardships will undoubtably continue, working together the Youngers will succeed. kit and boodle CitedArdolino, Frank. Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Explicator 63.3 (2005) 181-183. OmniFile Full Text Select (H.W. Wilson). Web. 23 Mar. 2012. Cooper, David D. Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Explicator 52.1 (1993) 59-61. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. The Norton entryway to Literature Potable Tenth Edition. Ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York, NY Norton, 2011. 950-1021. Print.Matthews, Kristin L. The Politics Of Home In Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun. Modern Drama 51.4 (2008) 556-578. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 22 Mar. 2012.

Lifting as We Climb Essay -- Essays Papers

Lifting as We ClimbHarriet Jacobs, Frances E. W. Harper, and Anna Julia Cooper are three African American female writers who have greatly impacted the progress of dispirited womanhood. Through their works, they have successfully dispelled the myths created about black women. These myths include two major ideas, the first being that all African American women are perceived as more promiscuous than the average white woman. The second myth is that black women are virtually useless, containing only the capabilities of working in white homes and training white children. These myths caused these women to be degraded in the eyes of others as well as themselves. In Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harpers Iola Leroy, and Coopers A vowel system From the South, womanhood is defined in ways that have destroyed these myths. As seen through these literary works, womanhood is defined according to ones sexuality, spirituality, beauty, identity, relationships, and motherhood. Harriet Jacobs Harriet Jacobs was born in 1813 into a slave family. Her father, a carpenter, was highly skilled in his trade. For the first few years of her life, Jacobs lived a happy, normal childhood. She was fortunate enough to live in the resembling household as her parents and her younger brother, William. When she turned six, her mother passed away, leaving her under the care of her grandmother. In her narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet describes her life as a southern slave, calling herself Linda. She discusses the abuse she endured during servitude and how she managed to overcome it. After twenty-seven years of servitude, Jacobs escapes to a life of freedom. She spent the rest of her days working as a reformer, a Civil War and R... ... the strength black women have mentally as well as physically. Their involvement in various Womens Groups has too helped to create a better image for black women. Throughout their lives, they have shown that whatever obstacle s a good black woman may face, you can neer keep her down BibliographyCooper, Anna J. A Voice From the South. New York Oxford University Press, 1988.Harper, Frances. Iola Leroy. New York Penguin Books, 1992.Hutchinson, Louise Daniel. Anna J. Cooper, A Voice From the South. Washington, DC Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. The unstained Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York Penguin Books, 1987. 333-513.Pellow, David W. H. Anna Julia Cooper. Notable Black American Women. Ed. Jessie Carney Smith. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1992. P. 218-224.

Essay example --

Jules Verne was a family military personnel who loved his wife and children, but also had a true passion for writing. He spent oftentimes of his time with his beloved spouse of thirty years and his three children that he loved deeply. When he wrote he would be inspired by the travels that he took with his family.Verne was innate(p) February 8, 1828 and he died on March 24, 1905. As he grew up he learned that he had diabetes that later killed him. In Vernes seventy-seven year breeding he dabbled in the stock market to try to earn m one and only(a)y. Before the stock market he went to school to follow in his experiences footsteps in the force field of law. While in the stock market he decided that he did not want to continue in the field of law so he quit school and went on to write many books that were inspired by his long life. Mr. Vernes Family consisted of his parents Sophie Allotte dela Fuye Verne and Pierre Verne. His siblings were Paul, Anna, Marie and Mathilde who h ad all been younger. On the tenth of January in 1857 Honorine Hebe du Fraysse de Viane Morel and Jules Verne became a married couple. Michel, his son, was born on the third of August in 1861 on board a ship sailing to Denmark and Norway. His ii stepdaughters were Valentine and Suzanne.As he grew up he lived in various location such as Liverpool, Paris and even France for a period of time. During Vernes childhood was put under strict rules by his father. His father sent Jules Verne to boarding school when he was young. While at school Verne did very well in the subjects of geography, Greek and Latin. With his time off from school in the summer he and his family went to Maritime Port City to spend time by the lake. Once he became much older his father sent his to Paris so they he could fol... ...devoted fans. His fans also say that the book is a fascinating tale that they were not suitable to put down until the book was finished. Many of the fans had previously read som e of his book before they came out and they noticed that there were dates in 20,000 Leagues Under the sea that corresponded with dates in a couple from Vernes other books. Some of the people who found the connection were intrigued to find out if all of his books were connected through one endless string of stories. From the publishing process Verne learned that many people anticipated the book and wanted it before it came out. Overall Jules Verne was a great man. He loved His family until his death and even after his death. He was also a person whose true passion was to write books. Him being both a family man and a great writer prove that he loved life itself in every possible way.

Cowboys With Guns :: essays research papers fc

Cowboys with Guns during the Wild Wild WestIn the Old West, guns played an important role in the lives of cowboys. at that place were various kinds of guns that cowboys used. They fell into two categories hand gun and rifle. The most common handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45 as for rifles there was the Winchester. Most of the time guns were used for busting animals for viands or calming the cattle. Occasionally, a cowboy might have to use one against Indians or rustlers. On the trail most cowboys would have guns with them but they would bury them in the chuck coaster wagon. (The chuck wagon was a cart that was usually in the back of the herd that held all of the cowboys unattackables.) They left the guns in the wagon because the guns were heavy and often times got in the way and could be dangerous while riding a horse. Most cowboys were not really good with guns and even off one cowboy tool himself in the foot. The gun did come in handy though, especially when a s tampede occurred. The cowboys would ride to the chuck wagon, arrest their guns, and lead to the front of the herd where they would shoot three evenly spaced shots over the leader-cattles heads. This would usually stop the stampede. The Derringer was a small pistol with a queen-sized caliber that had two barrels, which were parallel horizontally or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a terrible shock when shot at close range. In some towns along the trail cowboys used Hideouts when they had to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was hidden in the boot, a shoulder holster, waistband, or hung by a cord down the sleeve or coat. Cowboys would wear one so that if someone accused them of trickster they would be able to defend themselves. The Winchester was the term used for a rifle or carbine. This gun was one of the best-selling guns around. Some cowboys said that this gun could shoot for a week and not have to be reloaded. This, of cour se, was not true but this was said because the Winchester could hold quite a bit of ammunition. The Colt .45 was also a very common gun in the old west.Cowboys With Guns essays research papers fc Cowboys with Guns during the Wild Wild WestIn the Old West, guns played an important role in the lives of cowboys. There were various kinds of guns that cowboys used. They fell into two categories hand gun and rifle. The most common handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45 as for rifles there was the Winchester. Most of the time guns were used for shooting animals for food or calming the cattle. Occasionally, a cowboy might have to use one against Indians or rustlers. On the trail most cowboys would have guns with them but they would leave them in the chuck wagon. (The chuck wagon was a cart that was usually in the back of the herd that held all of the cowboys goods.) They left the guns in the wagon because the guns were heavy and often times got in the way and could be dangerous wh ile riding a horse. Most cowboys were not very good with guns and even one cowboy shot himself in the foot. The gun did come in handy though, especially when a stampede occurred. The cowboys would ride to the chuck wagon, grab their guns, and continue to the front of the herd where they would shoot three evenly spaced shots over the leader-cattles heads. This would usually stop the stampede. The Derringer was a small pistol with a large caliber that had two barrels, which were parallel horizontally or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a terrible wound when shot at close range. In some towns along the trail cowboys used Hideouts when they had to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was hidden in the boot, a shoulder holster, waistband, or hung by a cord down the sleeve or coat. Cowboys would wear one so that if someone accused them of cheating they would be able to defend themselves. The Winchester was the term used for a rifle or carbi ne. This gun was one of the best-selling guns around. Some cowboys said that this gun could shoot for a week and not have to be reloaded. This, of course, was not true but this was said because the Winchester could hold quite a bit of ammunition. The Colt .45 was also a very common gun in the old west.

Cowboys With Guns :: essays research papers fc

Cowboys with Guns during the Wild Wild WestIn the Old West, shooters played an important role in the lives of cow puckers. There were various kinds of guns that beef mans used. They wing into deuce categories hand gun and rifle. The most common handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45 as for rifles there was the Winchester. Most of the time guns were used for guideing animals for food or calming the cattle. Occasionally, a cowboy might hold in to use one against Indians or rustlers. On the trail most cowboys would have guns with them but they would leave them in the fling station wagon. (The chuck wagon was a cart that was usually in the back of the herd that held all of the cowboys goods.) They left the guns in the wagon because the guns were heavy and oft propagation got in the way and could be dangerous while riding a horse. Most cowboys were non very good with guns and even one cowboy go himself in the foot. The gun did come in handy though, especially when a sta mpede occurred. The cowboys would ride to the chuck wagon, grab their guns, and continue to the front of the herd where they would shoot three evenly spaced shots over the leader-cattles heads. This would usually stop the stampede. The Derringer was a small pistol with a large caliber that had 2 barrels, which were jibe horizontally or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a terrible wound when shot at blind drunk range. In some towns along the trail cowboys used Hideouts when they had to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was hidden in the boot, a shoulder holster, waistband, or hung by a cord down the sleeve or coat. Cowboys would wear one so that if someone accused them of cheating they would be able to bind themselves. The Winchester was the margin used for a rifle or carbine. This gun was one of the best-selling guns around. Some cowboys said that this gun could shoot for a week and not have to be reloaded. This, of course, was not true but this was said because the Winchester could hold quite a bit of ammunition. The Colt .45 was also a very common gun in the old west.Cowboys With Guns essays research papers fc Cowboys with Guns during the Wild Wild WestIn the Old West, guns played an important role in the lives of cowboys. There were various kinds of guns that cowboys used. They fell into two categories hand gun and rifle. The most common handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45 as for rifles there was the Winchester. Most of the time guns were used for shooting animals for food or calming the cattle. Occasionally, a cowboy might have to use one against Indians or rustlers. On the trail most cowboys would have guns with them but they would leave them in the chuck wagon. (The chuck wagon was a cart that was usually in the back of the herd that held all of the cowboys goods.) They left the guns in the wagon because the guns were heavy and often times got in the way and could be dangerous while rid ing a horse. Most cowboys were not very good with guns and even one cowboy shot himself in the foot. The gun did come in handy though, especially when a stampede occurred. The cowboys would ride to the chuck wagon, grab their guns, and continue to the front of the herd where they would shoot three evenly spaced shots over the leader-cattles heads. This would usually stop the stampede. The Derringer was a small pistol with a large caliber that had two barrels, which were parallel horizontally or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a terrible wound when shot at close range. In some towns along the trail cowboys used Hideouts when they had to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was hidden in the boot, a shoulder holster, waistband, or hung by a cord down the sleeve or coat. Cowboys would wear one so that if someone accused them of cheating they would be able to defend themselves. The Winchester was the term used for a rifle or carbine. Thi s gun was one of the best-selling guns around. Some cowboys said that this gun could shoot for a week and not have to be reloaded. This, of course, was not true but this was said because the Winchester could hold quite a bit of ammunition. The Colt .45 was also a very common gun in the old west.

Example of Cause and Effect Essay

VERTIGO Vertigo is a feeling of dizziness. Person with vertigo often feel that their body or the things roughly them are moving or spinning when they are standing. It can be caused by a problem with the balance mechanisms of the inner stiletto heel, a problem with the restiveness that connect the brain to the center(a) ear, or a problem with brain cause a head injury. The most frequent cause of vertigo is thither is a problem with the balance mechanisms of the inner ear.When the virus or bacterical infected the inflammation of the labyrinth (a system of canals and cavities within the inner ear which gives us our wizard of balance), such as common cold or flu virus that spread to the labyrinth, or when the crystal of vestibular labyrinth, inside the ear, become dislodged and move in to the one of semicircular canal, it will make the patient suddenly get the feeling of vertigo. A problem with the nerves that connect the brain to the middle ear is also the cause of vertigo.When a p erson gets vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibular the nerve running to the vestibule), it will destroy the collaboration between the semicircular canals and the brain knead to control the body balance and he will get the feeling of vertigo. The other cause of vertigo is there is a problem with brain caused a head injury. Some people who get a head injury, because of an accident or a strong earth quake, most of them suddenly feel that in all the things around them moving or spinning.The sudden sensation can occur many times a day. It occurs because the head injury destroys the balance nerve in their brain. Many things can cause vertigo (a dizziness feeling that makes people feel that their body or their surrounding are moving or spinning). nevertheless the three most frequent causes of vertigo are a problem with the balance mechanisms of the inner ear, a problem with the nerves that connect the brain to the middle ear, or a problem with brain cause a head injury.

Can Detroit Make the Cars Customers Want? Essay

Ans AutoNation is having a problem with inscription because of the culture of ordering a customized vehicle for a customer, but such an order usu whollyy adds sextette to eight weeks to the transaction. The customer who wants to defile on the spot must choose from cars on the lot that the manufacturer has already configured, priced, and shipped. Despite manufacturer incentives and rebates to entice customers to purchase, dealers a good deal have a glut of new cars sitting in their lots for months at a time that no one wants to buy it. The swollen inventory and slow turnaround hurt dealers because they must borrow coin to pay for the cars the manufacturers ship.This has also become a problem for railcar manufacturers such as GM, carrefour and Chrysler due to their manufacturing processes which atomic number 18 not set up to quickly intensify production models and have been geared toward optimizing the efficiency of the production plant. Again because of the frequent change in consumer tastes which can shift almost overnight as gasoline prices rise or fall, or as one elevator carmotive fashion furore gives way to another.This problem is impacting the business performance of AutoNation and of the auto manufacturers because of following reasons. 1. It has become imperative for the manufacturers to keep their plants running regardless of demand to pay for the rising cost of employee health care and pensions. Whats more, auto workers must be paid most of their salaries regardless of whether they are working, so manufacturers want them working all the time. 2. Losing grocery take to the Japanese and Koreans3. Auto manufacturers are scrambling to revamp their product line up 4. The enlarged inventory and slow turnaround hurt dealers because they must borrow money to pay for the cars the manufacturers ship.2. What pieces of data do AutoNation involve to happen what cars to stock in each of its dealerships?How can it obtain these data?Ans The following pie ces of data AutoNation need to determine Preferences of car buyersMost popular configurationsThey put forth a major effort to consolidate the customer lists from its hundreds of dealerships. They uses proprietary analytic software as well as assistance from DME, a marketing firm with expertise in creating customized direct mail campaigns.3. What is AutoNations solution to its problem?What obstacles must AutoNation dominate to implement its solution?Ans They categorized their customers into groups with the help of DME and propriety analytical software and follow unique strategies for each category. They create sales pitches, service specials and so on for each group. In the past they tried to search for customers who want to buy the cars that they produced but now they are producing what customers looking for. And also AutoNation is trying to apply these principles of market intelligence to auto manufacturing. They use data mining techniques to determine the demand for each model a nd very accurate configurations of each model among thousands of possible variations that are most popular with buyers. With this they can focus on producing these vehicles in the numbers that the data dictate. Therefore they dont have to keep unnecessary inventory.To auto manufacturing, the auto nation must overcome this problem such as the rising of gasoline price and the demand to the pay for the rising of cost employee healthcare and pensions. It will be effective enough to bring production in line with the customers demand. It can lower the rising cost of gasoline and makes the company tax up to 90% total earn for selling fall guyed cars. And also it will help them to compete with Japan and Korean car producers. They can determine the demand for each model and very accurate configurations of each model among thousands of possible variations that are most popular with buyers.MIS In ActionExplore autonation.com, examining all of its features and capabilities. Then answer the fo llowing questions.1. How does this Web site help AutoNation forge closer ties with customers and potential difference customers?Ans The AutoNation web site offers vast experience in new and used car sales and service. They have a large selection of cars, trucks and SUVs on the web. That means that customers can easily find the vehicle that they want. It doesnt only help the customers to find the right price. Using their web site, customers can explore car pricing options with a quick quote or by payment, then research reviews and compare new and used cars that fit their budget and needs, check available auto financing and leasing plans, and search AutoNations huge auto inventory to locate the car, truck or sports utility vehicle that customers like.Their dealers carry popular brands including Acura, Audi, Bentley, BMW, Buick, Cadillac, Chevy, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, GMC, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Isuzu, Jaguar, Jeep, Land Rover, Lexus, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mercury, MINI, M itsubishi, Nissan, Pontiac, Porsche, Saturn, Scion, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo. Therefore customers have a vast collection to interrupt their choices. AutoNations dedicated sales force is available by email or telephone if customer has questions, need information or wish to achieve their transaction online. Or, if customers prefer to visit one of AutoNations local auto dealerships, he/she can search for the closest dealership through this site. That is how they have ties with customers and potential customers.2. What information could AutoNation collect from its Web site that would help it determine in which makes and models of cars are of most interest to potential buyers?Ans What type of cars customers looking for (used/brand new) What is the brand that customers looking for Which model When the vehicle is designed If it is a used vehicle then mileage In what period of the year people buy more vehicles Usually how much a person spend on a vehicle What is the customer total income What type of customers buy which brand

Reflective Journal

champion of my strengths is inquiring. Im usually the one in a group questioning everything similar How did this happen? or What is the meaning of. I also standardised to love a lot of information on a subject before I consider doing anything with it. Im a very curious person and somemultiplication Ill look at things from a different and new perspective to cod what its like. I do this because I really enjoy seeing things from new different angles and comparing the two different point of enamours. This helps me better understand someone elses view on something.For example if a friend and I be in an argument, Ill try to wear their shoes and see their side. I also like to know why certain things acquit importance and value. I point come on and question key facts and points to see why exactly it is of such signifi can buoyce. One of my weaknesses is Critical Thinking. Im al rectify at it unless I know I could do better and could use some improvement. I rage thinking I do it all the timesometimes even too much. Im owing(p) at thinking about problems and resolution them. Although sometimes when I read a story or question that is very long and full of ideas, I may get lost in my tracks and not figure out the main point.It becomes a bit challenging for me because I cant focus on one idea or thought. I think this is because Im such a curious guy and I keep on jumping from thoughts and conclusion. Another weakness of exploit is that I am not a risk taker. I always choose the rational and logical option and never take a slim chance on something different. I know sometimes taking a risk pays off big, but unfortunately in that location be also times when it doesnt. Im always curious about what it wouldve been like if I took a risk. I think I never take risks because I awe that if I fail the damage may be hard.I usually take the path that has less damage possible. Another one of my strengths is being very reflective. Its a very important skill to have be cause if we never look back at what we have done and the mistakes we have made, we would probably continually institute the same mistake. I think I reflect every night before I fall asleep in my bed. I think Oh, peradventure I shouldnt have done that, or Yeah that was a funny heartbeat. I always reflect on my past and on others past. I like to reflect on the past because it helps me see if I made a mistake somewhere so I can keep myself from doing it again.Reflecting helps you see what youve missed before, and learn from your past. I know Im only supposed to mention two strengths but I find oneself I have another really good one. Its being a very good communicator. Im a very social person and I know how speak properly at time and how to formulate things if needed. I can also understand someone who doesnt really explain something great and help them out. I may not use all the remediate words but I do get the point across. I enjoy public speaking and entertaining, telling a jo ke here and there. I do have more than than strengths and weaknesses but those atomic number 18 my main ones. broody journalReflective journal Detailed description as if to an outsider. Often you depart use your journal to record detailed descriptions of some aspect of your internship environment, whether physical, behavioral, or organizational. When you import them, you leave alone not have a clear idea of what you will make of these details, but you will sand that they might be important later. These descriptions should conk as if you were describing them to someone who was never there. Journals allow you to expert naive. At times you will want to speculate as to why something that you have observed at first hand is as it is.You might derive your explanation from a lecture you have heard, a book you have read, or your own reservoir of common sentiency. Having posited an interpretation, you will want to continue with your detailed observations on the topic to see if you want to stick with your hypothesis or alter it. Journals allow you to change your mind. hither argon a few of the ingredients that go into a keeping a great journal * Journals should be snapshots filled with sights, sounds, smells, concerns, insights, doubts, fears, and critical questions about issues, mass, and, some importantly, yourself. ingenuousness is the most important ingredient to successful journals. * A journal is not a work log of tasks, events, times and dates. * Write freely. Grammar/spelling should not be worried in your writing until the final draft. * Write an entry after each visit. If you cant spell out a full entry, jot spate haphazard thoughts, images, etc. which you can come back to a day or two later and expand into a colorful verbal picture. place questions to service Describe your experience.What would you change about this situation if you were in charge? How have you challenged yourself, your ideals, your philosophies, your concept of life or of th e way you live? Was there a moment of failure, success, indecision, doubt, humor, frustration, happiness, sadness? Do you feel your actions had any impact? What more needs to be done? Does this experience compliment or contrast with what youre training in class? How? Has learning through experience taught you more, less, or the same as the class? In what ways?Reflective Journal sing 3 1. Did you learn anything in the session or reading material that surprised, impressed, or take aback you? If so what? And why did it have that emergence on you? During the lecture, surface-to-air missile introduced the origin of homoity. According to two British researchers, Wilson and Rahman, genetic factor is also a determinant of sexual druthers. I was quite surprised because I employ to think that the queerity was mainly the result of the environmental factor. For example, some daughters were born in a single p bent family and the lack of a father makes them feel very protective of their f amily members.Then, they would take up the role of male and become the support of the family. I always wondered why they had to choose to be a cheerful/lesbian, who has to go through many difficult times as a result of discrimination by the rule people. I thought the lesbian had a choice to decide who they are. Indeed, I was wrong. I did not realize till I saw the research that some of them were born to be a homosexual. It is not up to them whether they could live an easier life. So, I just now learnt that they are just being who they are and it is not their fault to be who they were born to be.I was so shocked by the behaviors of some homophobia. Isolation and teasing are common to the homosexual people. hardly I never realize that their life is under threat too. I feel sorry for them when I know that some of the minority were executed because of their sexual orientation. 2. How did you respond (as an individual) to Sarah? How are her lived experiences different from yours? Do you think of her sexual orientation as normal or abnormal? .. acceptable or unacceptable? .. different or deviant? .. healthy or sick? Do you commit she is living out a life choice?Be prepared to explain your views Personally I have no special feeling for lesbians because I think there isnt really a huge difference between us except that they prefer their partner to be a girl but I like guys more. It is similar to the various tastes of different people. Some of them may prefer Japanese cuisine, some other may like siamese connection more while others may want fast food. Although Sarah has a sexual orientation different from mine, I feel that is absolutely normal. Like I said, it is just a matter of preference. Indeed, for most of the people, the behaviors of the majority eans normal behavior and the rest are regarded as abnormal, which also implies ill deep inside normal peoples mind. Personal judgement is involved. Many people find homosexuality abnormal and unacceptable because their behaviors and sexual orientation are different from the normal. I reckon that so long as the homosexuals are ok with themselves and they do not harm the others, we should not say anything about their personal choice. Why is there such a huge gap of the responses of people towards the choice of the type of food and gay/lesbians sexual orientation?It is because those people, in bad-tempered typical Chinese, think that the homosexual affects the core value of a family, which is the next generation as they cannot reproduce. So, homosexuality is usually suppressed to allow the extension of families. But then, more and more heterosexual persons are choosing not to have babies. Even for homosexual couples, they can extend the family by adopting child. Basically, the collapse of a family should not be an self-justification to deter them from staying with someone they love. People need to open up their mind towards variances. Homosexuality is a fact that they cannot deny.It has alr eady existed for a very long catamenia of time, even back in 237AD in the imperial China. May they destroy the flowers and yet they cannot stop the spring. We should accept it to promote harmony in society. After all, homosexual also contribute to society like we normal people do and we should respect them like the way we respect the others. Lecture 4 What can a government do to recognize sexual health as a basic human right According to the World Health Organization, sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality.A government is responsible for upholding its peoples human rights. So, it should carry out some(prenominal) preventive measures and treatment to help to protect sexual health. Currently, our Government is doing well in some aspects of sexual health, for example education of back up, provision of support of aid patients, sex & reproductive health of woman. The action of Government shows its recognition on sexual health as b asic human right it upholds. here(predicate) are some examples. Concerning sexual health, help has been one of the diseases that catch most attention. It is a destructive disease with no cure at the moment.There are more than 36 million people carrying HIV and 15000 people become infected with HIV in every 24 hours. (Klesius, 2011). 50% of the patients infected with HIV would develop AIDS if there is no proper treatment. Those peoples lives are at stake due to vulnerability and utmost susceptibility to infections. Being aware of the high infectiousness and the bad consequences of AIDS, the Government has put huge effort in combating the disease through promotion. For example, there are talks for students, imparting the knowledge about AIDS and advertisement on TV about prevention.The effort has been rewarded as the number of newly infected with HIV case has dropped by more than 20% from 2007 to 2011, tally to HK Governments report. Yet, solely education is not enough because the Government has to take care of the infected too. More resources should be allocated to research to find out cure for AIDS, for example, potential HIV vaccines. (Klesius, 2011). Apart from the AIDS, the Government has also reacted to some alarming sexual health phenomenon, for instance the declining age of the patients of cervical cancer.It is now offer subsidies for the injection of HPV vaccines, which offer more than 90% protection for women against HPV types 16 and 18 infections and their consultd cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The action marks the Governments spot towards sexual health as a basic right. However, protecting peoples physical health is not the sole mission for the Government but also the mental health. So far, it seems to ignore the mental health of the minorities, like LGBT. This is revealed from the failure to fight against the discrimination in society, which hurts their mental health.More effort should be put to protect these minorities. The Government may start by education, not only for students, but also the public through advertisement, talks, forum to let them know more about LGBT and understand them. The Government should take the first step to open up its mind before it can open up the others. What can the LGBT community do to facilitate their sexual rights as human rights Curehelp them to identify what they really are After having learnt about homosexuality and its relevant issues, what can YOU do to help the LGBT community to achieve their basic human rights?The LGBT should be active to fight for and protect their sexual rights. After all, Hong Kong is a relatively conservative society, which is deeply affected by typical Chinese mindset. These sexual rights include the right to express their sexual identity, sexual orientation and equity. Unfairness to LGBT is common in our society. For example, accord to Equal Opportunities Commission, people are protected discrimination by Sex Discrimination Ordinance ( SDO). It is an anti-discrimination law of nature passed in 1995, which declares discrimination on the ground of sex, marital status and pregnancy, and sexual harassment are unlawful.Both males and females are applicable. Yet, LGBT is not included in the group under protection. Till now, there is still no law against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. This is obviously a kind of unfairness. So, the LGBT should communicate with the Government and express the need to draft the law, probably through media, email, or even demonstration to call for the Governments recognition of sexual rights as basic human. Yet, the most effective way to facilitate the sexual right is actually to spread the message of equity in society and right the mindset of the public.Discrimination derives from ignorance. It is the misunderstanding of the people that treys to their behaviors. The LGBT community may make videos or engineer forum to share their view or experience with the ordinary p eople, just like what Sarah did. This can facilitate the communication between the two parties and thus a better understanding among the two groups. The Government can also include the topic of homosexuality in sex education. The most important thing is to correct how ordinary people think about LGBT. By then will they stop the discrimination.After learning so much about homosexuality, I think my sterling(prenominal) contribution to achieve their basic human right is to stop discriminate against them. In the past, I belong to one of those ignorant people and felt that they were uncanny and scared of them. But after learning so much about them, I understand them a bit more. When my family or friends act like what I did in the past, I will explain to them, saying that every one of us should be respected. I hope what I do can put to work my family and friends and make them understand the importance of equity, which is the key for harmony.Hopefully, the influence can spread to friend s of my friends and eliminate the discrimination against them. Lecture 5 1. Are people born heterosexual or homosexual, or does sexual orientation develop as they grow? ?2. What is the significance of the change of the terms from homosexual to gay to queer/tongzhi? ?3. How does homosexuality relate to identity politics? How does sexuality relate to politics For some homosexual people, their sexual orientation is inborn. A scientist D. F.Swaab found that a portion of the hypothalamus of the brain of homosexual male was structurally different than a heterosexual brain and hypothalamus is the portion of the human brain directly related to sexual drive and function. (Johnson. 2oo3). This may explain why some people are homosexual. It is just because they are born to be who they are. Yet, I personally believe that the modeling of parents could have some effect on the heterosexuals. They have been implanted with the thought that a boy should always date a girl since they were small and th ey end up become heterosexual.This is because they are educated to be heterosexual and they simply follow what they are told. However, I think for the majority, which is heterosexual, it is the natural phenomenon. Reproduction can only be carried out by the intercourse of opposite sex and it is the instinct of most human that they look for a partner of opposite sex for reproduction. However, I reckon that the above factors are not the only ones that determine the sexual orientation of people. Affection for the others is derived from his/her appearance, personalities, characters and inner beauty.People are attracted to no matter the same or the opposite sex maybe just due to these factors but not the gene or environment. It is simply a way how human express their love. So it is possible that homosexuality is genuine as people grow. The change of terms marks an increasing awareness of people on the issue of homosexuality. In the pas, from 1920 to 1950, homosexual, which is relatively more clinical, was more frequently used and then changed to gay from 1950s onwards and to queer from 1990s till now. This suggests that homosexuality is becoming a topic that more and more people will discuss about.So the terms people are using are becoming less and less professional but more like a common language. It also reveals an increasing openness of society. This is because in the past the issue was severely suppressed that ordinary people could hardly touch. Now, people are more and more open-minded and the issue is not something prohibited anymore for most of the countries. So, the change of use of terms also represents a change of attitude towards homosexuality. Sexuality is related to politics in terms of the image of the leaders.Most of the leaders appeared to be heterosexual. But being homosexual is seen as being abnormal by most of people. Even leaders are homosexual, they seldom reveal it because this will imply the end of the life in politics. In addition, leaders are nerve-wracking to be very careful about their personal sexual affairs because it is a potential threat to their power, just like the scandal of Italian boot Minister Silvio Berlusconi. People, especially in a society of Chinese, do not only look at ones ability to lead but also the impact of their personal matters on society.What the leaders do will have a profound impact on society because they are the ones who lead the people. Being heterosexual is a sign of being normal. People do not say it but this is what they think. To avoid a negative impression, being normal in terms of sexual orientation is what leaders do. Reference Asia Times Online. (2011). In Hong Kong, a quiet advance for gay rights. Retrieved from http//www. atimes. com/atimes/China/MG15Ad01. html center on of Health Protection. Cervical Cancer. (2011) Retrieved fromhttp//www. chp. gov. hk/en/content/9/25/56. html Equal Opportunities Commission. n. d. ). Sex Discrimination Ordinance and I. Retrieved from http/ /www. eoc. org. hk/eoc/GraphicsFolder/showcontent. aspx? content=Sex%20Discrimination%20Ordinance%20and%20I Johnson, R. D. (2003). Homosexuality temper or Nurture. AllPsych Journal. Klesius, M. (2011). Search for a CureAIDS Turns 20. National Geographic magazine. The department of Health. Knowing about HIV. (2011). Retrieved from http//www. gov. hk/en/residents/health/sexedu/aids. htm Wikipedia. (n. d. ). LGBT rights in Hong Kong. Retrieved fromhttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_KongReflective JournalReflective Journal Detailed description as if to an outsider. Often you will use your journal to record detailed descriptions of some aspect of your internship environment, whether physical, behavioral, or organizational. When you write them, you will not have a clear idea of what you will make of these details, but you will sense that they might be important later. These descriptions should sound as if you were describing them to someone who was never there. Journals al low you to sound naive. At times you will want to speculate as to why something that you have observed firsthand is as it is.You might derive your explanation from a lecture you have heard, a book you have read, or your own reservoir of common sense. Having posited an interpretation, you will want to continue with your detailed observations on the topic to see if you want to stick with your hypothesis or alter it. Journals allow you to change your mind. Here are a few of the ingredients that go into a keeping a great journal * Journals should be snapshots filled with sights, sounds, smells, concerns, insights, doubts, fears, and critical questions about issues, people, and, most importantly, yourself. satin flower is the most important ingredient to successful journals. * A journal is not a work log of tasks, events, times and dates. * Write freely. Grammar/spelling should not be stressed in your writing until the final draft. * Write an entry after each visit. If you cant write a full entry, jot overmaster random thoughts, images, etc. which you can come back to a day or two later and expand into a colorful verbal picture. primordial questions to answer Describe your experience.What would you change about this situation if you were in charge? How have you challenged yourself, your ideals, your philosophies, your concept of life or of the way you live? Was there a moment of failure, success, indecision, doubt, humor, frustration, happiness, sadness? Do you feel your actions had any impact? What more needs to be done? Does this experience compliment or contrast with what youre learning in class? How? Has learning through experience taught you more, less, or the same as the class? In what ways?Reflective JournalReflective Journal Detailed description as if to an outsider. Often you will use your journal to record detailed descriptions of some aspect of your internship environment, whether physical, behavioral, or organizational. When you write them, you will not have a clear idea of what you will make of these details, but you will sense that they might be important later. These descriptions should sound as if you were describing them to someone who was never there. Journals allow you to sound naive. At times you will want to speculate as to why something that you have observed firsthand is as it is.You might derive your explanation from a lecture you have heard, a book you have read, or your own reservoir of common sense. Having posited an interpretation, you will want to continue with your detailed observations on the topic to see if you want to stick with your hypothesis or alter it. Journals allow you to change your mind. Here are a few of the ingredients that go into a keeping a great journal * Journals should be snapshots filled with sights, sounds, smells, concerns, insights, doubts, fears, and critical questions about issues, people, and, most importantly, yourself. Honesty is the most important ingredient to successful journals . * A journal is not a work log of tasks, events, times and dates. * Write freely. Grammar/spelling should not be stressed in your writing until the final draft. * Write an entry after each visit. If you cant write a full entry, jot down random thoughts, images, etc. which you can come back to a day or two later and expand into a colorful verbal picture. Key questions to answer Describe your experience.What would you change about this situation if you were in charge? How have you challenged yourself, your ideals, your philosophies, your concept of life or of the way you live? Was there a moment of failure, success, indecision, doubt, humor, frustration, happiness, sadness? Do you feel your actions had any impact? What more needs to be done? Does this experience compliment or contrast with what youre learning in class? How? Has learning through experience taught you more, less, or the same as the class? In what ways?

Alfred Adler and His Personality Theory

Alfred Adler was born in the suburbs of Vienna to a grain merchant and his wife on the s even soth February 1870. He was the third child and second son of his p arnts. He could non walk until the age of four due to his lingering rickets. At the age of five, he went down with a chronic pneumonia which nearly took his life, and on rec overy, resolved to become a medical checkup doctor, even at the very young age.He retained this opposition throughout his school years, although he was merely an averagely clever student who, due to a period of lack of seriousness with and loss of commitment to his studies, tended towards becoming a dullard. This tendency made his teacher write him off as one not cut out for academic success and his woeful performance at Mathematics seemed to testify to this pronouncement. However, his fathers belief in his abilities and his own self-assurance and self-esteem spurred him on to renewed commitment and revival.He proved his teachers pronouncement wrong No t only did he rise to become the best Mathematics student, he pursued his medical ambition to the University of Vienna where he achieved his medical degree. During his schooling years, Adler was quite outgoing, popular and active (Boeree, George, 2006).He had a strong temper and firm resolution (qualities which explain why he could sustain and advance his medical ambition in the face of his teachers despise and pessimism). Adler began his medical charge as an opthamologist, but later turned to general medical practice.He established his office somewhere in the lower class part of Vienna, across from an amusement park-cum-circus. Most of his clients and patients were circus performers. This fact gave him the opport star to observe, study and canvas their unusual strengths and weaknesses, which they demonstrated through their relative physiological resistances and tolerance, leading him to the formulation of a theory he termed organic inferiorities and compensations. He later swit ched to psychiatry and join Freuds discussion group.In this group, he got the opportunity to develop and articulate his organic theory, to which Freud agreed however, his subsequent theory of the aggression instinct were against Frends beliefs, just as was his suggestion that the sexual notions which Freud upheld should be taken figuratively rather than liter tout ensembley.Alfred Adler sought to investigate the gentlekind personality and behaviour what fundamentally made up the human personality and what made all human beings behave the way they did, irrespective of their backgrounds, individualities, privileges or lack of them.His conclusions, he formulated as a theory of personality In the endure of the Second World War, Alfred became a Physician for the Austrian army, first serving on the Russian front before moving to the childrens hospital. This change gave him the opportunity for a first- arrive at observation of the war victims and causalities.It probably was the shock a nd horror from these direct observations that made him develop an interest in the concept of amicable interest, coming to the conclusion that if humanity was to survive, it had to change its ways. (George B, 2006).In 1926, he went to the United States to work as a lecturer. He died of heart attack in 1937 in the course of his lecturing.ALFRED ADLERS PERSONALITY THEORYAlfred Adlers theory of personality offers the underlying motivation not only of all human behavior but also for the outgrowth of the human personality. He postulated a single contain or motivating force behind all our behavior and experience (Boeree, 2006). He believed that any human action, rational or irrational, arises out of an urge for perfection, out of an underlying desire for the attainment of some rarified.However, because he believed no two human beings ar but identical, even in their responses to this single drive, he called this theory Individual Psychology. The ideal, also termed perfection, howe ver, points to an ultimate material body of himself that either individual often unconsciously harbors as the goal to which he or she must attain.Adler termed this ultimate picture assumed finalism (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007). Thus, every human action or behavior, according to Adler, is an attempt to render nearer to the realization of his or her potentials and, ultimately, to realization of the fictional finalism.This attempt, which he called tenor for perfection, is sometimes referred to as striving for transcendency (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007) ,to give it the suggestion of something come-at-able and realizable, and to distinguish it from the impracticality of idealism and perfectionism (in psychology, idealism and perfectionism) are often given a rather negative connotation. Perfection and ideals are, practically by definition, things you cant reach. Many people, in fact, conk very sad and painful lives trying to be perfect (Boeree, 2006).Superiority in the abo ve context refers to a state or situation towards which every human action is directedbe it the satisfaction of a physical instinct, meeting financial or ethnical obligations or working towards the realization of a political objective.A superiority or break-dancement is always in view, motivating the action. According to Adler We all wish to overcome difficulties. We all strive to reach a goal by the attainment of which we shall feel strong, superior, and complete. (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007).The striving towards superiority is therefore driven by the fundamental and all-inspiring striving towards the realization of fictional finalism. The fictional finalism is the orphic force that drives, motivates, informs and decides. It induces the urge for self-improvement. It is the spirit of all actions, however prevalentplace or ordinary, the heart of every asp viperiration, determining the range of all material or smart acquisitions of all treasures it defines them and draws them to itself in an attempt towards self-fulfillment and self- realization. Thus, Where your treasure is, there will your heart also be (Mathew 621).ASPECTS OF ALFRED ALDERS THEORYFour aspects of Alder Alfreds theory have been identified The using of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health and unity of personality (Fisher, 2001).THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITYThe development of personality begins in childhood, with the striving for superiority referred to above and the at-first unconscious attempts towards the realization of potentials children observe more competent elders around them and this motivates them to acquire new skills and develop new talents (Weiten, 1992, p. 484). (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007).These attempts at acquisition of new skills and development of new talents, Adler attributes to a robust feeling of low quality inferiority to the elders who have cultivated and now exhibit such skills and talents, and who now stand to be looked up to ( being superior) by the children. With time, as the potentials develop, and age and physical maturity advance, fictional finalism in the developing child makes itself increasingly felt, with such fundamental consequent manifestations as the urge for self-assertion and the associated desire to have to control over ones life, enjoying freedom of individuality.People become focused on maintaining control over their lives. (Fisher, 2001). These manifestations are perhaps better recognized in such phenomena later in the childs life as an uncompromising choice of career or life partner inflexible pursuits of a political or sport ambition, or the devotion to some preoccupying or obsessing religious or even recreational cause.Interference or intrusion in the pursuit of these individual assertions of personality are naturally resisted by the man or woman in question, because hand in hand with the self-assertive realizations of the fictional- finalism urges goes a desire to retain control over ones life. Acquiescing to such interferences is, therefore, unnatural for a personality.STRIVING TOWARDS SUPERIORITYSuperiority, according to Adler Alfred, is not superior over, not competition (Adler Alfreds individual Psychology).It is, rather, a healthy urge towards self-fulfillment and self-actualization.. Every endeavor, every attempt to achieve or merely to do something is, consequently, an attempt to attain to higher or superior levels of personality developmentan upward movement or ascent to a better situation or condition of physical, mental or psychological state. Striving towards superiority is, thus, an integral part of living it is innate in the sense that it is a part of life.Trhoughout sic a persons life, Adler believed a person is motivated by the need to overcome the sense of inferiority and strive for ever higher levels of development. (Adler Alfreds individual Psychology). The striving for superiority begins with the spirit of the following Biblical recommen dation Thorns and snares are in the way of the froward he that doth keep his soul as well as his mind, drives and impulses shall be far from them. take on up a child in the way he should go and when he is over-the-hill he will not depart from it. (Proverbs 22 5-6). In the first sentence, keeping of the soul and by implication, the mind, drives and impulses suggests the significance of early childhood upbringing to the development of the personality. The froward is deducibly the individual of an unhealthy personality, one who does not keep, i. e. , pay attention to and take care of, the nature and promptings of his or her inherent fictional finalism.The next sentence contains a practical, resolving recommendation Train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old he will not depart from it Two suggestions are perhaps apparent from this recommendation one, that the affable, educational and moral upbringing of the child is fundamental to the health of its drives and impul ses (to its soul), and, consequently, to the direction of its fictional finalism (the entirety of its pursuits, habits, peculiarities and voluntary socialization) two, that the image of the fictional finalism is composed essentially of the childhood orientation, which more or less compels the child to keep to paths of this image later in life, that is, prevents the child from departing from it when he is old.This deduction does not, however, lessen the force of Adlers assertion of individuality of personality for the quite observable fact that no two children are exactly alike suggests that the individuality of the child plays a role in its adaptation to and development through its childhood orientation. Identical twins under identical childhood upbringing will therefore never develop identically.While they might demonstrate similar good or bad upbringing, they will certainly not behave or think alike, nor will they aspire towards identical self-realizations. Therefore, striving tow ards superiority depends more on the individuality of the child and its upbringing than on the social, educational or cultural influences to which the child may be later subjected.PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTHThe psychological health of a personality depends on a number of factors suggested by the concept of striving towards superiority and by the fact that Everyone feels inferior to a degree, which motivates us to get better (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007). These factors include(i) Healthy inferiority feelings.(ii) Positive fictional finalism.(iii) Absence of idealism and perfectionism.In the abstemious of the preceding subsections, these factors indicate the relevance of the assertion that Good understanding giveth favour but the way of transgressors is hard. (Proverbs 1315). Ensuring health of inferiority feelings, helping the development of a positive fictional finalism and working towards the absence of idealism and perfectionism, all naturally require good understanding of the worki ngs of the personality . Such an understanding will prevent the development of a hard, transgressing personalitya personality overstepping all limits of rationality and propriety in the urges and the actualization of its self-image.(i) Healthy Inferiority feelings Adler was utter (Fisher, M. 2001) to describe inferiority feelings as feelings of lack of worth, which he believed to motivate the individual towards striving for superiority. However, as with everything, there are healthy and unhealthy inferiority feelings.These two kinds are naturally to be differentiated through the nature of the psychological and impulsive effects each induces. Healthy inferiority feelings, as is shown above, are progressive unhealthy inferiority feelings, retrogressive. Unhealthy inferiority feelings can be named apart from healthy inferiority feelings by terming them inferiority complex, which Oxford Talking vocabulary (1998) defines as an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy caused by actual or supposed inferiority in one sphereThe lack of mankind in these feelings already marks them as undesirable and counter-productive. Further in subscribe to of their undesirableness is the statement from Brainmeta (2007) People might cope with an inferiority complex by becoming tentative, helpless, and lazy, or by engaging in behavior, called overcompensation.Overcompensation involves trying to hide ones sense of inferiority from others and even from oneself. People who overcompensate might be blunt about their successes and qualities and exaggerate them. Also, they tend to get wrapped up in status, power, and materialism. They believe all of these things give the appearance of superiority (Weiten, 1992, p. 484). The fostering and the sustenance of healthy inferiority feelings, as is suggested by the excerpt from the Book of Proverbs above, demand knowledge or good understanding of personality psychologyknowledge of such social and familial conditions as might cause psychological and personality irregularities. One source of such good knowledge is the implications or ramifications of Adler Alfreds theories of personality and his assertions in the process of formulating these theories. For instance, Adler was said (Fisher, 2001) to maintain that personality difficulties are rooted in a feeling of inferiority deriving from restrictions on the individuals need for self-assertion. This statement intelligibly recommends freedom of self-assertion for children and adults alike.However, marrying this suggested recommendation to that of the Book of Proverbs excerpted above (which is another source of good understanding) modifies this recommendation and keeps it within limits it suggests that freedom of assertion must be within the limits of a sound upbringing and realistic self-discipline.(ii) Positive fictional finalism and (iii) Absence of Idealism and Perfectionism are both clearly dependent on the conception of healthy inferiority feelings. The soul of all as pirations resides as much in the impulses of inferiority feelings as it does in those of fictional finalism. In other words, an individuals fictional finalism determines the nature (and, therefore, the health) of his or her inferiority feelings.Idealism and perfectionism, as has been suggested above, can lead to tormenting self-criticisms due to the high expectations their bearer has of him or herself. It is understandable that both can benefit from an attempt to overcompensate for inferiority complex to make up for the unhealthy inferiority feelings that have developed from an unhealthy personality.UNITY OF PERSONALITYWith his postulates that there is a single drive or motivating force behind all our behavior and experience (Boeree, 2006), and that the conscious and unconscious worked together to achieve the goals of self-improvement and fictional finalism (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007), Alfred Adler suggested the existence of unity of personality.First, if the conscious and the unconscious work towards the common goal of self-improvement and fictional finalism, then every conscious feeling, thought, or emotion of a human being, be they pleasant or unpleasant, unite with his or her every unconscious feeling or emotion towards the fulfillment of these goals. The goal, however, is always striven towards, since it is the motivating force behind all behaviour and experience (Boeree, 2006).Consequently, every conscious feeling and thought is unceasingly in union and co-operation with every unconscious feeling and thought towards the attainment of the common goal of self-actualization. Second, if the conscious and the unconscious are, consequently, unceasingly united, it follows that the goals of self-improvement and of fictional finalism are in a ceaseless union.However, Adler postulated that, beyond general self- improvement, each person has an ideal image they are trying to achieve. This image of the perfect self is called the fictional finalism (Elverud, 19 97). (Alfred Adler (1870-1937), 2007). Consequently, standing beyond the goal of general improvement (and connected with this goal), fictional finalism unites the urge for self-improvement, the conscious and the unconscious for a common purpose, and therefore forms the centerpiece of every drive and impulse of the personality. Therefore, unity of personality is the joint striving of every conscious and unconscious emotion, thought, feeling and action towards ultimate self-actualization.Adler therefore believed that there is an agreement among every aspiring, desiring, thinking, and acting of a human being that unhealthy feelings of inferiority indicate the existence of unhealthy fictional finalism that a circumscribe self-assertion and incomplete control of ones life can be recognized through the restricted thinking, feeling and acting of the individual in question that the extent of the realization of potentials is reflected in the extent of freedom of thought, opinion, speech a nd action of an individualThese deductions find support in a figurative appreciation of the following Biblical excerpt Every man is brutish in his knowledge every founder is woolly by the graven image for his molten image is traitorouslyhood, and there is no breath in them. (Jeremiah 1014). If the graven image is taken as the image of a dead, i. e. unrealistic fictional finalism, then the personality harboring such an image is bound to be confounded in his aspirations and his opinions, brutish in his outlook and expectations, and false in his interactions with fellow human beings.A practical example of such a person is a maniacal perfectionist whom no one could ever please or satisfy.ReferencesALFRED ADLERS INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY. Retrieved April 10th, 2007 from http//www. sonoma. edu/users/d/daniels/adler. html.ALFRED ADLER. Retrieved 10th April 2007 from http//www. muskingum. edu/psych/psycweb/history/adler. htmTheory Alfred Adler (1870-1937). Retrieved 11th April 2007 from http //brainmeta. com/personality/adler. php.BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ALFRED ADLER. Retrieved April 11, 2007 from http//ourworld. compuserve. com/homepages/hstein/adler. htm In Cambridge Advanced learners Dictionary. Retrieved 11th April, 2007 from http//dictionary. cambridge. org/results. asp? searchword=opthamologist&x=12&y=8.In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 3, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9003744.North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. NASAP . Retrieved April 12th, 2007 from http//www. alfredadler. org/.Personality Theory, Alfred Adler. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from http//webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/adler. html.Psychography Alfred Adler. Psychography. Retrieved April 9th 2007, from http//faculty. frostburg. edu/mbradley/psyography/alfredadler. html.The Holy Bible, King James Version. THOMAS NELSON, PUBLISHERS. Nashville. Camden. Newyork. The Oxford Talking Dictionary, 1998 Edition.

Intercultural Communications Essay

My step catch was born in Masan, the countryside of Korea, to a family of four daughters. My step-grandfather was a hard working man. He had a small taxi and truck business. My mothers youth was during the recovering of the war. My mom has told me stories about growing up. She rarely got nice things unlike how a jalopy of Korean children now get today. However, she says growing up was non as hard as most kids during the time.Korean kids have to learn how to respect their elders, my mother states. For example at the dinner table you do not start eating until the elders start. She says that hitting kids was a common thing and teachers even hit their students who failed to do assignments and do their responsibilities. It is also part of Korean culture for the eldest watchword to take care of the parents. Back then the parents would even live with the eldest son even after he has married. Today, it has c mentioned a make do and most parents would rather live alone. Children are suppo sed to live at home with their parents until marriage. In the fall in States, it was not as strict. It was common for men to move out of their parents home at eighteen and start working or go to college.These days not all Koreans still follow the culture but still, many do. Back then, Korea was recovering from war and a lot of parents were focused on their childrens education. They would do anything for their education. So, kids would do nothing but study. I would go to school at seven in the morning and not finish until ten at night. I ate breakfast, lunch, and dinner at school, my mom says. She studied a lot. Generally, Koreas students study a lot more(prenominal) and harder than the average American. It was not until around racy school years when her father made more money and became successful. My stepmom even paid for most of her college and travel expenses. She traveled to Australia to learn English and did a lot of missionary work all over the world years later. I think al l of those years of studying hard paid off for her.I learned that my mom is very strict about certain things pertaining to me because of how she was raised. For Christmas, she suck ind an orange. In todays world, it is common for kids to go out to the mall and hang out with their friends and buy a few things. At least, that is how it is in America. My mom did not have that. In her view, kids are not really supposed to receive much money from their parents.The money should stay with the parents. I learned that the United States and Korea today share some culture similarities and some drastic differences. I face that by learning more about cultures outside of your own one really opens up new ideas and different ways of thinking. By learning more about Korean culture over the years, I feel that I have become an a lot more open minded several(prenominal) and it has made me a stronger today.Works CitedKim, Tara. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 2011

Teaching Assistant Level 3, Assignment 1

perplexity 3 Make a list of the things expected from you as part of your role in supporting an individual or base of pupils. ensure resources are available in order to support the targeted children carry bring out speaking and listening observations of the whole class or targeted children check and nature the work completed by the children ncourage children to correct their birth mistakes and give encouragement once done assist children to catch up on any helpless work support children to aid their understanding and answering questions guide and support children through reading and by explaining texts and worksheets set out and put away equipment Question 4 Think about your role and responsibilities as a pedagogics assistant. List examples of your own general and specific tasks. ake a pro-active role and use own initiative in the classroom encourage and support children in making decisions about their own learning by providing appropriate levels of assistance for individual c hildren provide challenges to support independent learning by encouraging children to review their own learning abilities and support areas of possible development lead specific activities set out by the teacher for children with special needs observe children and make necessary changes to tasks and activities specifically for Special Education Needs children in order for them to successfully get to and meet needs support children with behavioural difficulties to remain on track and also children with low levels of concentration by re-explaining tasks or worksheets assist children with organisational problems to become to a greater extent structured to help them begin their work quickly and understand the value of basic logic help with reading, spelling, phonic and memory tests record childrens achievements and be prepared to feedback to parents as and hen required report back to the teacher as required to maintain best possible performance Question 5 Briefly describe the role of t he teaching assistant in relation to the teacher. The Teaching Assistant role is to assist the teacher by supporting children during the teaching of the curriculum. Teaching Assistants work with the teacher to support children learning within the whole class or they work on their own to support the learning of individuals or small groups of children. Utmost is to ensure the Teacher can work fluently and efficiently because the teaching assistant has all tactical and practical elements of class exercises healthful managed and under control.

Organizational Behaviour Essay

Part A consists of three questions. Be sure to let in both the questions and the responses in the document you submit. Your total combined responses for these three questions should non exceed 1000 to 1500 words.1. Marketing specialists at Napanee Beer Co. developed a new publicize campaign for summer sales. The ads were particularly aimed at sports events where Napanee Beer sold kegs of beer on tap. The marketing group worked for months with a top advertising firm on the campaign. Their effort was thriving in terms of signifi set uptly higher take aim for Napanee Beers keg beer at sports stadiums. However, the production department had not been notified of the marketing campaign and was not nimble for the increased demand.The ships go with was forced to buy empty kegs at a premium price. It also had to brew some of the lower priced keg beer in vats that would guide been used for higher priced specialty beer. The result was that Napanee Beer sold more of the lower priced keg beer and less of the higher priced products that summer. Moreover, the company could not initially fill consumer demand for the keg beer, resulting in customer dissatisfaction.Use open systems theory to explain what occurred at Napanee Beer Co. Begin with a brief description of open systems theory. Use your take words (paraphrase) and remember to cite all sources using APA style.The open systems theory states that organizations be entities that continually exchange resources with its external environment. The organization is dep fetch upent on the external environment for resources such as raw materials, employees, financial resources, and information and equipment which argon the organizations inputs. Those inputs argon used by the organizations internal subsystems, such as production and marketing, and are subsequently turned into step upputs such as products, services, employee behaviours, profits/ losses, and waste/ pollution (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 4).According to the op en systems theory (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 4), the organization Napanee Beer Companys internal subsystems were not operating efficiently. Due to the lack of communication between the marketing group and the production team, production was unaware of the increase in demand for the product and did not wander enough inputs to meet this larger demand. Consequently, the materials used were frequently more expensive than they would kick in been had they been croped earlier. This oversight cost the company sales on higher priced specialty beer and caused customer dissatisfaction.Had the production team been aware of the success of the marketing campaign, which was geared towards sporting events where Napanee Beer sold kegs of beer on tap, they would have been able to order the appropriate amount of kegs, saving the company a lot of money. This is not an issue between the external and internal environment but an issue with Napanees internal subsystems effectiveness (McShane & Steen, 2 009, p. 4.). The lack of communication between departments weakened the companys ability to maximize its input to output capability therefore, the company was not functioning at a high level of efficiency (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 5.).2. The sales section of a large industrial products wholesale company has an increasing conundrum salespeople are arriving late at the topographic point each morning. Some sales reps go directly to visit clients rather than showing up at the sureness as required by company policy. Others arrive several minutes after their appointed start duration. The vice-president of sales doesnt want to introduce quantify clocks, but this may be necessary if the lateness problem isnt corrected.Using the MARS impersonate of individual behaviour, diagnose the possible reasons salespeople may be harming in this lateness behaviour. Begin with a brief description of the MARS model. Use your own words (paraphrase) and remember to cite all sources using APA style. The MARS model represents the four performers that influence peoples behaviour and performance. These factors are motivation, ability, role perceptions, and mailal factors (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 26). Motivation is what drives a person in a particular direction and the furore and persistence in which they pursue something (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 26). The ability of an employee refers to their natural aptitudes as salutary as their acquired capabilities (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 27).An employees competencies refer to his or her skills, knowledge and other characteristics that may be beneficial to the organization (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 27). Role perception is the third factor in the MARS model. This refers to how c nod offly the employees perception of their job duties aligns with the employers (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 27). The final factor in the MARS model is berthal factors. Situational factors involve conditions that are not part of the employees skill set or pe rsonality and are often out of their control (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 28).According to the MARS model of individual behaviour, the possible reasons salespeople may be engaging in this lateness behaviour is first the lack of motivation they are depression to show up to the office at their scheduled start measure (McShane & Steen, 2009, pp. 26-28). This could be due in part to the lack of incentive they touch for showing up on time. Furthermore, the absence of negative consequences for showing up late has not shown the sales reps that the company is serious about this policy. In order for the sales reps to be motivated to show up to the office in the morning instead of seeing clients first, there needs to be some pleasing of reinforcement from the company that demonstrates that showing up on time is a behaviour that they expect and look upon.The sales reps were most likely hired because of their ability to gather new customers and sell products therefore, they see this aspect of their job as being priority and do not see the value in showing up at the office first. The biggest factor effecting this situation is role perception (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 27). The sales reps do not have a clear understanding that arriving at the office on time is an essential part of their job duties. It is clear from the sales reps behaviour that they are not aware of the importance of being at the office in the morning before they head out to see clients. While this may be a company policy in writing, it is not well practiced in the office, so it is perceived by employees as a recommendation rather than a rule. Situational factors may also contribute to the lateness problem (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 28). This could be because face time at the office does not support their task goals which are to go out and see clients and sell products. The sales reps might attain the commute to the office an inconvenience whereas they could instead cut that commute out of their day an d drive straight to a clients office.3. Big disaster Construction Company has accredited warnings from government safety inspectors that employees at some of its construction sites are not wearing the required safety helmets and noise-protection equipment. The company could lose these contracts if safety practices are not maintained. The company has warned employees that they could be fired if they dont wear the safety gear, but this has had little effect. Describe an A-B-C analysis for this situation and provide two types of behaviour modification interventions that might change employee behaviour in this situation. In an A-B-C analysis of this situation the antecedent would be the warning the employees received from the company informing them that they must wear safety gear on the job site.The behaviour is that some of the employees are not wearing safety equipment on the construction sites. And the Consequences are that the employees face termination if they continue to disrega rd this policy (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 66). Two types of behaviour modification interventions that might change employee behaviour in this situation are 1) Positive reinforcement, the supervisor can offer praise to the employees who are adhering to the safety guidelines (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 66). In addition, there could be a reward in mail such as a bonus for employees who are wearing their safety equipment on the site every day. 2) Punishment, although punishment might generate negative feelings toward the company and supervisor, it is necessary because of the severity of the breach (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 67). The type of punishment testament depend on the frequency of the offence. For example, the first offence could result in a write-up, the plump for offence in a suspension without pay, and the third dismissal.Part BRead Case Study 4.1 Conestoga-Rovers and Associates on pages 97 and 98 of the textbook and state the three discussion questions that follow it. Your answer for this case study should not exceed 600 to 800 words in length and should incorporate, where appropriate, content from Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4.Questions1) Why does Conestoga-Rovers and Associates and other companies examine to create a tyrannical work environment?The text explains that according to the dual cognitive-emotional attitude process, the confirmative emotional recognizes employees encounter on a routine basis at Conestoga-Rovers contributes to their job satisfaction (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 80). When employees are satisfied with their job they are more likely to be accommodating to the organizations clients, ministrant to their co-workers, and can experience increased overall productivity (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 87). Therefore, it is beneficial for the company to foster a positive work environment where its employees are frequently feeling positive emotional experiences, so that their outlook on their jobs and the company will be much more favourable ( McShane & Steen, 2009, p.80).According to the model of emotions, attitudes, and behaviour (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 79), our emotions will have a direct impact on our behavioural intentions which in turn will most likely affect our behaviour. If the employees at Conestoga-Rovers are bombarded with positive emotions in their work environment, than they are more likely to behave in a way that is agreeable to the company.Conestoga-Rovers acknowledges and appreciates its human capital and realizes that its employees knowledge provide a competitive advantage to the company (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 7). They realize that in order for the company to retain its valued employees and attract new ones they need to foster a positive work environment. By adapting employment practices to suit the needs of their employees the company is striving to retain its valued intellectual capital (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 6).2) How does this company manage to provide events and perks that employees value ?At Conestoga-Rovers and Associates having fun and maintaining a work-life balance are fundamental to the company and its employees. This is evident in the many perks this company offers its employees that vary from its extremely active affectionate committee to the onsite daycare facility. As stated in the case study, an employee of Conestoga-Rovers suggested that the company build an onsite daycare facility, never really expecting that they would take her request so seriously. However, much to the employees delighted shock the company complied. This demonstrates the companys dedication to its employees wants and needs.In addition the company has assembled a social committee to listen to what it is that employees value and have evidently been able to deliver to the Conestoga-Rovers employees what they want. By doing this for their employees the organization is building organizational commitment and loyalty to the company (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 89). By involving employees in co mpany decisions that affect them and listening to their needs they are strengthening their employees social identity within the organization. This shows employees that their opinions are not only heard but are valued and trusted by the organization (McShane & Steen, 2009, p.89). The company has a work hard-play hard mantra, and their social events and activities play an integral role in the companys culture (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 97). This is evidently closely aligned with its employees values therefore, the employees feel comfort in their shared values with the company prompting them to persevere loyal to the company (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 89).3) Is it possible that employees can have too much fun at work?From personal experience, I think that it is possible to have too much fun at work. When there are too many social events at work it takes away from an employees personal time and time at home with their family. An employee can feel forced to participate in social events that they do not want to partake in, and this can end up having a contrary effect to what the company is striving for. This added pressure to attend social events can add stress for the employee and take away from time needed to complete his/her work.Conversely, having fun at work can help build camaraderie amongst the employees and reduce the consequences of stress such as job burnout. attention social functions can give employees a break from the monotonous routine of their job tasks therefore, reducing the risk of emotional exhaustion and indifference towards their jobs (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 91). Fun events with co-workers can also help to build on an employees social awareness. For instance, when employees are interacting with each other and building personal relationships as well as paid relationships they are better equipped to perceive and understand the emotions of their co-workers (McShane & Steen, 2009, p. 84). Because they are getting to know their peers personal s ituations a little better, the interaction allows them to be able to experience some empathy for their co-workers.

PRICE and NON PRICE COMPETITION markets

An agreement made by where purchasers and Sellerss coming near contact with each other for the determination of purchasing and merchandising of goods and advantages straight or indirectly is described as commercialize.Perfective aspirationMonopolisticCompetitionMonopolyCompetitionMarketOligopolyCompetitionDuopolyCompetitionMonopoly MarketSingle houseNo replacementMo scratchary harbor shaper downward inclining supply curveEntry barriersNo competitionPerfect MarketMonetary harborHomogeneous merchandisesLarge figure of purchasers and Sellerss emancipate admission and free issuePerfect cognitionPerfect mobility of factors of productionAbsence of conveyance costDUOPLOY Market2 Sellerss circumscribe entrySellers have some market powerClose replacement might be placeDemand curve downward slopingEquilibrium capitulum is MR =MCOligopoly MarketFew SellerssHomogeneous and differentiated merchandisesRestricted entryImperfect informationMutuality and changeless battleVery proudschool fiscal value cinch full(prenominal) merchandising costLack of uncertainnessMONOPOLISTIC MarketLarge figure of purchasers an SellerssMerchandise specializationFree entryHigh merchandising costTwo dimensions of competitionMonetary valueNon fiscal valueDIFFERENCE BETWEEN legal injury AND NON PRICE COMPETITIONFootingNON PRICEMonetary valueMeaningMarketing scheme in which one house tries to recess its merchandise or service from viing merchandises on the footing of properties like design and craft marketing scheme where a company tries to separate its merchandise or service from viing merchandises on the footing of low monetary value.FocusThe focal point is on quality, deign, bringing methods, locations, particular servicesThe focal point is on lone monetary value of the merchandise.Net incomeIt is commonly much profitable than selling for a demoralise monetary value, and avoids the hazard of a monetary value war.The company may take to stand in normal net income or normal net i ncome.Selling CostSelling cost is high as the company pass a batch on promotional activitiesSelling cost is low as company focuses on monetary value factor more than promotional activities.MarketMost common among oligopolies and monopolistic competition, because houses can be highly competitory.Due to inordinate completion, a state of affairs of monetary value wars occurs in oligopolistic and monopolistic marketsExamplesShampoo MarketMobile service suppliersNON PRICE COMPETITIONApplicable to all(a) markets unless perfect & A monopoly market.Single purchaser in monopoly so no competition.PRICE COMPETITIONApplicable in all types of markets further monopoly marketAll are monetary value takers & A monopoly is monetary value shaper.NON PRICE COMPETITIONProduct distinction is the procedure of separating a merchandise from other merchandises in the market by landing alone characteristics like manner, quality, offers etc which makes it more attractive and superior to the mark market.Th e success of the merchandise distinction is more based on non monetary value factors non monetary value factors and successful distinction gives origin to monopolistic competition and sometimes to sharpen competition besides. in that respect are three types of merchandise distinction1. Simple based on a multifariousness of features2. Horizontal based on a individual feature but consumers are non clear on quality3. Vertical based on a individual feature and consumers are clear on its quality3 Elementss of monetary value distinction1. Convenience- as the shifting scenario client wants the merchandise every bit shortly as possible. So the house should seek to present the merchandise forthcoming on clip.2. Customization- harmonizing to the necessitys of the clients the merchandise must alter in footings of sizes, colour, design, engineering etc3. Cost recovery- this is the cost that is deserving bear downing. It doesnaaa?t average actually high or really low but should be sensible harmonizing to the merchandise.Non monetary value determiners of demandIncome of the consumerThere is direct relation between the income of the consumer and demand for it. By and large, higher the income, higher the measure demanded and lower the income lower the measure demanded.Monetary value of the related goodIn instance of replacement goods, demand for a trade good falls with the autumn in the monetary value of other trade goodsIn instance of complementary goods, monetary value demand of a trade good rises with the autumn in the monetary value of other trade goods.Taste and penchantIf the client has developed a gustatory feeling for a trade good, the demand go out increaseIf he has no gustatory sensation and penchant for the merchandise, the demand will diminish.Seasonal factorsThe demand keeps on altering harmonizing to the conditions conditions. Summers will increase the demand of soft drinks whereas winter will increase the demand og woollens.Number of purchasersThe dema nd of any merchandise depends on the figure of purchasers of the merchandise. More the purchasers demand will be high, less the figure of purchaser demand will be less. ,Future outlooksIf the monetary value of any trade good is expected to lift in future, clients starts purchasing prior to that and if the crowbars are expected to come down in future the client procrastinate his purchasing to acquire the benefit.NON PRICE DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLYInput signal monetary setAs the input monetary determine increases, the supply will be affected and will fall down.TechnologyMeasure of the stuff need depends upon the engineering. Cost salvaging engineering consequences in autumn in input monetary values and therefore addition in the supply.Number of SellerssWith the addition in the figure of Sellerss, the supply besides increases with the curve switching to its adept side.ExpectationsIf the monetary values are expected to lift in future, the marketer will do ineffectual deficit and the refore the supply decreases.ADVANTAGES OF NON PRICE COMPETITIONThe consumers get low monetary values as the stress is non on monetary value itaaa?s fundamentally on the other factors of the merchandise other than monetary value.To convey fluctuations houses keep on conveying new engineerings which result in more smoothing of the maps and add fluctuation in the merchandise.The accent is non on monetary value and hence the chief focal point is on bettering the quality and the services of the merchandise.Large figure of discrepancies leads to many picks and options for the clients in the market.There is no monetary value war in the market hence it keeps and creates a proper subject in the market which leads to smooth state of affairs.Consumers get more and more fringe benefits in footings of offers and price reductions which attract mess and therefore take to competition in the market.A typical characteristic of non-price tools is that they may modify the straddle of replaceability a mong goods.PRICE CONPETITIONPRICE EALSTICITY OF DEMANDThis step the reactivity of measure demanded of a merchandise to mutations in its ain monetary value.It allows equivalence of measure demanded with pecuniary alterationsIt measures the alterationMarketPRICE pushoverPerfect marketMonopoly marketMonopolistic marketOligopoly marketDuopoly marketIn this market the demand is elastic as the merchandises are indistinguishable in genius and are perfect replacement of each other.This market is extremely inelastic as there is 1 marketer who can do alterations in the monetary value and measure demanded consequently.Demand is comparatively elastic, with superficial alteration in monetary value leads to big alteration in measure demanded as all the merchandises are confining replacement of each other.Demand is comparatively elastic as the merchandises are close replacement of each other.Demand is comparatively elastic as there are merely 2 Sellerss in the market and the merchandises are close replacement.For example-If the monetary value of steel and Fe additions what happens to its measure demanded.CROSS ELASTICITY OF DEMANDThe reactivity of demand for one good to a alteration in the monetary value of other the pro tractate alteration in demand for one good divided by the proportionate alteration in the monetary value of the other.MarketCROSS ELASTICITYPerfect marketMonopolistic marketDuopoly marketOligopoly marketMonopoly marketAs the merchandises are homogeneous there is a high monetary value cross snap demand. mark piece snap is comparatively high due to competition and the figure of manufacturers in this market is highFewer manufacturers in the market so the cross monetary value snap is low.Merchandises are close replacement, so alteration in monetary value will increase the demand of another merchandise. It has high cross snap.Merely 1 marketer in the market and therefore no replacement is available so transverse monetary value snap is non applicableADVANT AGES OF PRICE COMPETITIONPricing policy has a direct concern on the clients as pricing of any merchandise is the first observation of clients.Puting monetary values is comparatively a simple undertaking as it does non necessitate fiscal and accounting records to find monetary valuesNo market research is required which involves a high cost. So it saves cost on promotional activities as compared to non monetary value competition.Pricing straight indicates the quality and criterion of the merchandise and therefore the value of the merchandise can be estimated.Price competition divides the sections decently as it clearly points the premium and frugal system category.Pricing scheme helps a batch to new participants come ining in the market to make out market portion.DecisionMonetary value and non monetary value, both have different impact on the markets. As find in the above assignment it is seen that monopolistic market is the market state of affairs which is most influenced by both the schemes i.e. monetary value and non monetary value.This assignment is all my ain work and has non been copied in portion or in whole from any other beginning, except for any clearly marked up citation. It complies with the Instituteaaa?s ordinances on Plagiarism which I have read and understood.